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This document provides a temporal management reference model for feature-based software and systems product line engineering (feature-based PLE) as defined in ISO/IEC 26580:2021, expanding on the basic configuration management operations, tasks, and methods specified there. Because a PLE factory in ISO/IEC 26580 aggregates shared assets across multiple lifecycle stages and tools, such as requirements, models, source code, mechanical design, electrical design, documentation, test cases, calibration data, and so forth, the version management capabilities of the different lifecycle disciplines, as well as the feature catalogue and bill-of-features portfolio, need to be integrated into a holistic solution. We refer to this integrated PLE factory solution as Temporal Management (TM). As the name implies, the scope of temporal management is product line variation in time, in the context of feature-based PLE as prescribed in ISO/IEC 26580. The reference model for temporal management specifies an alignment-of-systems, where the temporal management system is an aggregation of the constituent version management systems for each of the individual elements in a PLE factory, including shared assets across all lifecycle stages, the feature catalogue, and the bills-of-features. Version management for each of the individual elements in the PLE factory is handled by the version management tools and methods associated with each of the elements, which are elaborated elsewhere and not repeated in this document.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][10][11] Appendix A provides harmonization with this document and these representative version management methods, in the context of broader systems and software configuration management standards. Organizations may incorporate an overall temporal management approach for their temporal management solution that best matches their engineering processes, such as ASME Y14.35[5] and ASME Y14.100[6] for organizations primarily focused on mechanical engineering processes or IEEE Std 828[4] for organizations primarily focused on systems and software engineering processes. The intended audience for this document comprises: — technology providers who wish to provide temporal management for their feature-based PLE factory; — champions within an organization who wish to introduce feature-based PLE into their organization; — IT staff within a PLE organization who introduce and maintain the necessary technology to support temporal management in feature-based PLE; — practitioner stakeholders who use the temporal management tools and methods to practice feature-based PLE; — technical and business managers who sponsor and direct the methods necessary to practice temporal management in feature-based PLE; — university professors, researchers, corporate trainers, and other educators who create and share pedagogical materials and benefits regarding temporal management in feature-based PLE.