Metalliteollisuuden Standardisointiyhdistys

 

This part of EN 843 specifies methods for determining the elastic moduli, specifically Young’s modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio, of advanced monolithic technical ceramics at room temperature. This European Standard prescribes four alternative methods for determining some or all of these three parameters: A The determination of Young’s modulus by static flexure of a thin beam in three- or four-point flexure. B The determination of Young’s modulus by forced longitudinal resonance, or Young’s modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio by forced flexural and torsional resonance, of a thin beam. C The determination of Young’s modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio from the time-of-flight of an ultrasonic pulse. D The determination of Young’s modulus from the fundamental natural frequency of a struck bar (impulse excitation method). All the test methods assume the use of homogeneous test pieces of linear elastic materials. NOTE 1 Not all ceramic materials are equally and linearly elastic in tension and compression, such as some porous materials and some piezoelectric materials. With the exception of Method C, the test assumes that the test piece has isotropic elastic properties. Method C may be used to determine the degree of anisotropy by testing in different orientations. NOTE 2 An ultrasonic method for dealing with anisotropic materials (ceramic matrix composites) can be found in ENV 14186 (see Bibliography). An alternative to Method D for isotropic materials using disc test pieces is given in Annex A. NOTE 3 At high porosity levels all of the methods except Method C can become inappropriate. The methods are only suitable for a maximum grain size (see EN 623-3), excluding deliberately added whiskers, of less than 10 % of the minimum dimension of the test piece. NOTE 4 The different methods given in this European Standard can produce slightly different results on the same material owing to differences between quasi-isothermal quasi-static an

 

This part of EN 820 describes methods for determining the elastic moduli, specifically Young's modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio, of advanced monolithic technical ceramics at temperatures above room temperature. The standard prescribes three alternative methods for determining some or all of these three parameters: A the determination of Young's modulus by static flexure of a thin beam in three- or four-point bending. B the determination of Young's modulus by forced longitudinal resonance, or Young's modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio by forced flexural and torsional resonance, of a thin beam. C the determination of Young's modulus from the fundamental natural frequency of a struck bar (impulse excitation method). This part of EN 820 extends the above-defined room-temperature methods described in EN 843-2 to elevated temperatures. All the test methods assume the use of homogeneous test pieces of linear elastic materials. The test assumes that the test piece has isotropic elastic properties. At high porosity levels all of the methods can become inappropriate. The maximum grain size (see EN 623-3), excluding deliberately added whiskers, should be less than 10 % of the minimum dimension of the test piece. NOTE 1 Method C in EN 843-2 based on ultrasonic time of flight measurement has not been incorporated into this part of EN 820. Although the method is feasible to apply, it is specialised, and outside the capabilities of most laboratories. There are also severe restrictions on test piece geometries and methods of achieving pulse transmission. For these reasons this method has not been included in EN 820-5. NOTE 2 The upper temperature limit for this test depends on the properties of the test pieces, and can be limited by softening within the timescale of the test. In addition, for method A there can be limits defined by the choice of test jig construction materials.

 

This document specifies the geometries and proposed finishing procedures of the inner surface of hollow test piece of metallic materials, filled with a high-pressure gaseous medium. The document specifies a tensile testing procedure to evaluate the effect of high-pressure gaseous medium compared to a high-pressure inert gas or air. The document can be used for the screening of metallic materials by evaluating mechanical property changes due to the effects of various test gases, including hydrogen. NOTE          Temperature range and pressure range depend on the materials to be tested and test gas to be used.

 

This document is applicable to self-propelled and pedestrian propelled manual and semi-manual industrial trucks as defined in ISO 5053 1:2020 including their load handling devices and attachments (hereafter referred to as trucks) intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres.NOTE 1 Attachments mounted on the load carrier or on fork arms which are removable by the user are not considered to be a part of the truck.This document specifies supplementary technical requirements for the prevention of the ignition of an explosive atmosphere of flammable gases, vapours, mists or dusts by industrial trucks of equipment group II and equipment category 2G, 3G, 2D or 3D.NOTE 2 The relationship between an equipment category (hereafter referred to as category) and the corresponding zone (area classification) is shown in informative Annex B.This document does not apply to:— trucks of equipment group I;— trucks of equipment group II, equipment category 1;— trucks intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres with hybrid mixtures;— protective systems.This document does not apply to trucks intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres of carbon disulfide (CS2), carbon monoxide (CO) and/or ethylene oxide (C2H4O) due to the special properties of these gases.Technical requirements relating to lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells as energy sources are not given in this document due to their specific hazards.

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