Muoviteollisuus

 

This document specifies definitions and requirements for solid-wall pipes with or without internal skin and smooth internal and external surfaces extruded from the same compound throughout the wall, fittings and the system of polyethylene (PE) piping systems to be intended for use in non-pressure underground drains and sewers for wastewater. NOTE 1 Products complying with this document can also be used in non-pressure underground drains and sewers for surface water. This document is applicable to: a) non-pressure drains and sewers, which are intended to be used buried underground outside the building structure; reflected in the marking of products by “U”; b) non-pressure drains and sewers, which are intended to be used buried underground both outside (application area code “U”) and within the building structure, reflected in the marking of products by “UD”. This document specifies test methods referred to in this document and test parameters. This document is applicable to pipes and fittings with or without an integral socket. This document covers a range of pipe and fitting sizes, stiffness classes, tolerance classes and gives recommendations concerning colours. NOTE 2 It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections from these aspects, taking into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes. In conjunction with CEN/TS 12666-2 [1] it is applicable to PE pipes and fittings, their joints and to joints with components of other plastics and non-plastics materials intended to be used for buried piping systems for non-pressure drains and sewers. The fittings can be manufactured by injection moulding or can be fabricated from pipes and/or mouldings. This document is applicable to PE pipes and fittings for the following types of joints: — elastomeric ring seal joints; — butt fused joints; — electrofusion joints; — mechanical joints. NOTE 3 Pipes, fittings and other components conforming to any of the plastics product standards listed in the Annex D (informative) can be used with pipes and fittings conforming to this document, provided they conform to the requirements for joint dimensions given in Clause 7 and to the requirements of Clause 7 and Table 13.

 

This document specifies test methods for the determination of the carbon black content of polyolefin compositions used for the manufacture of pipes and fittings. This document applies equally to the material for manufacture and to any material taken from a pipe or fitting.

 

In general terms, Miner’s rule is a common approach to calculate how the accumulation of a specific load that varies over time effects the time until failure. This international standard specifies the application of Miner’s rule for calculating the design time until failure of plastics pipes and piping systems of plastics materials under varying, but known, load conditions. Miner’s rule can also be applied reciprocally to calculate the tolerable load levels along a desired design time. This international standard specifies particularly the application of Miner’s rule to calculate stress or pressure regimes, respectively, that are tolerable during a targeted design time for plastics or composite pipes. Further, the application of Miner’s rule on the effect of accumulated damage on polyolefins caused by oxidative attack under varying temperatures and times on the design life is specified. It is necessary to apply Miner's rule to each failure mechanism separately. Thus, for mechanical failure due to internal pressure, other failure mechanisms, such as oxidative or dehydrochlorinative degradative failure mechanisms, are to be neglected (assuming, of course, no interaction). A material may be used only when it is proven to conform to all failure mechanism criteria. NOTE Miner's rule is an empirically based procedure and is only a first approximation to reality.

 

This document specifies a test method to determine if a fitting will fail in crushing mode under compression before a predefined percentage deformation of moulded fittings for thermoplastics piping systems and recommends a specification (see annex A). It applies to fittings made from unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), high-impact poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-HI), chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC-C), polyethylene(PE), polypropylene(PP), Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), Poly (vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF),and poly(phenyl sulfone)(PPSU). It can be applied to moulded fittings made from other thermoplastics as well. However, the test conditions should be taken into consideration.

 

This document specifies the characteristics of valves made from polyethylene (PE) for piping systems in the field of the supply of gaseous fuels. NOTE 1 For the purpose of this document the term gaseous fuels include for example natural gas, methane, butane, propane, hydrogen, manufactured gas, biogas, and mixtures of these gases. It is applicable to unidirectional and bi-directional isolating valves with spigot ends or electrofusion sockets intended to be fused with PE pipes or fittings conforming to ISO/DIS 4437-2 and ISO/DIS 4437-3 respectively. Valves made from materials other than PE, designed for the supply of gaseous fuels conforming to the relevant standards can be used in PE piping systems according to ISO 4437 series, provided that they have PE connections for butt fusion or electrofusion ends, including integrated material transition joints, conforming to ISO/DIS 4437-3. It also specifies the test parameters for the test methods referred to in this document. In conjunction with parts 1, 2, 3 and 5 of the ISO/DIS 4437 series, it is applicable to PE valves, their joints and to joints with components of PE and other materials intended to be used under the following conditions: a) a maximum operating pressure, MOP, up to and including 10 bar11 1 bar = 0,1 MPa =105 Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2. at a reference temperature of 20 °C for design purposes; b) an operating temperature between -20 °C to 40 °C. ISO/DIS 4437 (all parts) covers a range of maximum operating pressures and gives requirements concerning colours. It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections from these aspects, taking into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes. This document covers valve bodies designed for connection with pipes with a nominal outside diameter dn = 400 mm.

 

This document specifies the minimum values for expected strength as a function of time and temperature in the form of reference lines, for use in calculations on crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X) pipes and crosslinked medium density polyethylene (PE-MDX) pipes. NOTE 1 This document is applicable for pipes with the minimum level of crosslinking after production in accordance with Clause 4. NOTE 2 The density range for medium density polyethylene is 926 kg/m3 to 940 kg/m3 in accordance with ISO 17855-1:2014[7].

 

This document compiles a vocabulary of terms, with their definitions, applied in the field of district heating and district cooling systems.

 

 

This document specifies the characteristics and requirements for components such as pipes, fittings, and valves made from one of the following materials intended to be used for thermoplastics piping systems under internal pressure from the media or vacuum conditions in the field of industrial applications above and below ground (including buried): — polybutene (PB); — polyethylene (PE); — polyethylene of raised temperature resistance (PE-RT); — crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X); — polypropylene (PP). NOTE 1 Requirements for industrial valves are given in this document and in other standards (see clause 2) This document is applicable to either PB, PE, PE-RT, PE-X, or PP pipes, fittings, valves, and their joints and to joints with components of other plastics and non-plastic materials, depending on their suitability, intended to be used for the conveyance of liquid and gaseous media as well as solid matter in suspension for industrial applications. Some examples (but not limited to) of industrial piping applications: — chemicals; — industrial sewers; — power engineering (e.g. cooling and general purpose water); — mining; — electroplating and pickling; — semiconductor; — agriculture; — fire fighting; — water treatment; — geothermal; — compressed air; — carbon dioxide (wet or dry capture, transportation, utilisation, and storage). NOTE 2 Where relevant, national regulations (e.g. water treatment) are applicable, other application areas are permitted if the requirements of this document and/or applicable national requirements are fulfilled. National regulations in respect of fire behaviour and explosion risk are applicable. Characteristics and requirements for pipes, fittings, and valves that are applicable for all materials (PB, PE, PE-RT, PE-X, or PP) are covered by the relevant clauses of this document. Characteristics and requirements which are dependent on the material are given in the relevant annex for each material (see Table 1).

 

This document specifies a method for determining the longitudinal tensile properties of pipe or pipe/pipe or pipe/fitting assemblies using hydraulic pressure. The method accommodates water-in-water or liquid-in-liquid tests or their combinations. The document is applicable to pipes and their assemblies with fused or bonded joints with the same or different MRS or design SDR. The method provides load-displacement curves, from which the following properties are determined., — the longitudinal strengths (sLY , sLU, sLB) — the percent elongation (?LB) — the energy to failure (UT)

 

This document specifies methods for testing the resistance to sustained longitudinal tensile loading (longitudinal stress-rupture) of uniaxial plastic pipe/pipe or pipe/fitting or fitting/fitting assemblies using hydrostatic pressure at a given temperature. This document is applicable to pipe assemblies with electrofusion or butt fusion joints. The methods accommodate water-in-water, water-in-air, and liquid-in-liquid tests. Method A uses no external hoop expansion restraint (specifically designed test piece). Method B uses external hoop expansion restraint (metal end caps or circumferential (ring) clamps). Note 1 The longitudinal (axial) tensile loading by hydrostatic internal pressure is achieved by using means to create axial stress as the maximum principal stress over the hoop stress in the assemblies. The external hoop expansion restraint or specific test piece design is used for this purpose[1,2].