Rakennustuoteteollisuus RTT

 

ISO 14720-1:2013 defines a method for the determination of sulfur in powdered and granular non-oxidic ceramic raw materials and materials, such as silicon carbides, silicon nitrides, graphites, carbon blacks, cokes, carbon powders. If proved by the recovery rate, this method can also be applied for other non-metallic powdered and granular materials, e.g. silicon dioxide. ISO 14720-1:2013 is applicable for materials with mass fractions of sulfur from 0,005 % to 2 %. ISO 14720-1:2013 can also be applied for materials with higher mass fractions of sulfur after verification of the particular case.

 

This document specifies the procedures for determining the static and pressure bleed of fresh concrete. The tests are suitable for specimens having a declared value of the coarsest fraction of aggregates actually used in the concrete (Dmax) not greater than 40 mm. It can be carried out in the laboratory or on site.

 

This document describes the method for the determination of the porosity (open pores) of hardened concrete on test specimens of any type (moulded, sawn, cored) or any shape. The test is suitable for specimens having a declared value of D of the coarsest fraction of aggregates actually used in the concrete (Dmax) not greater than 40 mm. The test method is not applicable for concrete containing lightweight aggregate.

 

This part of ISO 10295 specifies the heating condition, method of test and criteria for the evaluation of the ability of a penetration sealing system to maintain the integrity and insulation of a fire separating element at the position at which it has been penetrated. This part of ISO 10295 assesses This part of ISO 10295 does not provide information concerning the influence of the inclusion of such penetrations and sealing systems on the load-bearing capacity of the element. It is possible that a penetration seal is a component of, or contributes to the performance of, a system to which special requirements apply. In such cases additional tests, relevant to the system and its function, can be necessary. Examples are chimneys and fire-rated ducts in air distribution systems. This part of ISO 10295 is not intended to provide quantitative information on the rate of leakage of smoke and/or hot gases or on the transmission or generation of fumes during the fire exposure test. Such phenomena are to be noted in describing the general behaviour of specimens during test. This part of ISO 10295 does not provide information on the ability of the seal to withstand stresses that can be caused by the movement or displacement of the penetration services in practice.

 

This part of ISO 14720 defines a method for the determination of sulfur in powdered and granular non-oxidic ceramic raw materials and materials, which are completely oxidized at a higher temperature in an oxygen atmosphere, e.g. carbon and graphite materials. For materials which are not completely oxidizable under these conditions, it is possible to determine sulfur that can be released under these conditions, e.g. the adherent sulfur. This part of ISO 14720 is applicable for materials with mass fractions of sulfur = 10 % and mass fractions of ash < 20 %, The defined method is limited for materials with mass fractions of barium < 10 mg/kg, because the sulfur bonded in barium sulfate is not detectable with this method. For the lower detection limit of this method, a mass fraction of sulfur of 0,5 mg/kg in the case of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP/OES) and 5 mg/kg in the case of ion chromatography (IC) has to be considered as a recommended value.

 

This document describes the conditioning procedures for test specimens which will be tested according to the European standards for reaction to fire. The rules for the selection of substrates for construction products when carrying out reaction to fire tests are also detailed in this document. This document does not contain requirements for - the pre-drying of test specimens for the non-combustibility test according EN ISO 1182; - methods of cleaning (e.g. washing) and other methods for the assessment of durability aspects, which are dealt with in the relevant product standards.

 

This document specifies the requirements governing the application of a set of explicit algebraic formulae for the calculation of specific characteristics of flashover related phenomena.

 

This document is only one of many tools available for use in fire safety engineering. It is intended to be used in conjunction with models for analysis of the initiation and development of fire, fire spread, smoke formation and movement, chemical species generation, transport and decay, and people movement, as well as fire detection and suppression. This document is to be used only within this context. This document is intended to address the consequences of human exposure to the heat, obscuration induced by smoke and proposed a simplified mass-loss-based toxicity model. The time-dependent thermal environment of a fire and aerosol concentrations are determined by the rate of fire growth and the ventilation pattern. Once these are determined, the methodology presented in this document can be used for the estimation of the time at which individuals can no longer accomplish their own escape or reach a place of safe refuge. This guidance can also be applied to estimation of the time limit for rescuing people who are immobile due to injury, medical condition, etc. This document establishes procedures to evaluate the life threat components of fire hazard analysis in terms of the status of exposed human subjects at discrete time intervals. It makes possible the estimation of a tenability endpoint, at which time it is estimated that occupants are no longer able to take effective action to accomplish their own escape. It enables estimation of a tenability endpoint for each of the fire effluent components, with the most important endpoint being the earliest to occur. Although occupants’ inability to accomplish their own escape is consistent with the definition of incapacitation (see ISO 13943), this term is not used in this document due to its potentially broad interpretation to include many effects, including collapse and unconsciousness, that are not addressed. This document focuses specifically on taking effective action to accomplish escape as may be influenced by both physiological and behavioural responses resulting from exposure to fire’s life threat components. The life threat components addressed in this standard include heat and visual obscuration due to smoke together with a simplified mass-loss-based model for toxicity assessment of combustibles.

 

This document provides guidance for fire safety engineering that is applicable for fires in enclosed spaces. It is intended to be used in conjunction with models for analysis of the initiation and development of fire, fire spread, impact of heat, radiation, and limited visibility, smoke formation and movement, chemical species generation, transport and decay, and people movement, as well as fire detection and suppression, given in the normative references in clause 2. This document is intended to be used only within this context. This document establishes procedures to evaluate the effects of life-threatening components from fire environments in terms of the probability of compromised tenability of a targeted human population at accumulated time intervals. It makes possible the estimation of the time at which people can experience compromised tenability due to smoke, heat and toxic fire effluent. The most critical hazard is that which causes compromised tenability at the earliest time. The time-dependent production of smoke and toxic fire effluent and the thermal environment of a fire are determined by the rate of fire growth, the yields of the various fire gases produced from the involved fuels, the decay characteristics of those fire gases and the ventilation pattern (see A.1). Once these are determined, the methodology presented in this International Document can be used for the estimation of the time at which individuals can be expected to experience compromised tenability. This document establishes procedures to evaluate the life-threatening components from fire environments in terms of the probability of a targeted human population at accumulated time intervals. It makes possible the estimation of the time at which people in enclosed spaces can experience compromised tenability (see A.2). It enables an estimation of compromised tenability for each predicted Cxt (Concentration x time) of components from fire environments. In addition, the time to untenability due to the impact of heat and of smoke (visibility) needs to be considered. The impact leading to attain compromised tenability at FED = 1 earliest is considered the most critical. The non-lethal threshold-based derivation of the occurrence of compromised tenability also protects from post-exposure mortality. Details for assessing the impact of heat and smoke will be given in ISO 13571-5. This method is intended to assess the escape capability of people in an environment, where generally adult and not handicapped people are expected, as for example in industrial and working surroundings. In addition, susceptible people are covered in this document based on the already included adjustment factors explained below. For the escape capability of hyper-susceptible people, no meaningful additional assessment factors can be defined, but this document can be applied in a meaningful way for places where it can be assumed that hyper-susceptible or helpless people will always get assistance for escape, like in child care units or hospitals. This document covers all fire stages including smouldering fires or other scenarios where high emissions of CO2 can be expected, as CO2 is considered as a toxicant per se for higher concentrations. Recent fire tests have shown that in some fire scenarios CO2 can be found in relevant concentrations [19-21] and has to be considered as a toxicant per se. For applying this document the basic information given in ISO 13344, and in ISO 19706 also is relevant.[58,59]

 

This document defines key terminology, establishes circular economy principles at the levels of construction works as well as construction products of all kinds, and provides a guidance framework for the implementation and assessment of circularity in the built environment.