Rakennustuoteteollisuus RTT

 

This part of EN 196 describes the method for the determination of the compressive and, optionally, the flexural strength of cement mortar. The method applies to common cements and to other cements and materials, the standards for which call up this method. It may not apply to other cement types that have, for example, a very short initial setting time. The method is used for assessing whether the compressive strength of cement is in conformity with its specification and for validation testing of a CEN Standard sand, EN 196 1, or alternative compaction equipment. This part of EN 196 describes the reference equipment and procedure and allows alternative compaction equipment and procedures to be used provided that they have been validated in accordance with the appropriate provisions in this document. In the event of a dispute, only the reference equipment and procedure are used.

 

This document gives guidance on methods for determining and classifying the durability of wood and wood-based materials against biological wood-destroying agents. The methods can be applied to individual wood species and processed wood-based materials, including thermally and chemically modified, and water-repellent impregnated wood. Examples of wood-based materials are oriented strand boards (OSB), particle boards, fibre boards, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and plywood. However, this document is not intended to give guidance on methods for determining and classifying the durability of wood products, coated wood, and wood polymer composites. Preservative-treated wood is not within the scope of this document, since requirements for the effectiveness of wood preservatives and durability requirements of wood treated with preservatives are regulated in several other European standards. However, this does not apply to modified wood, which is why it is included in the scope of this document. The wood-destroying agents considered in this document are: — wood-decay fungi (basidiomycete and soft-rot fungi); — beetles capable of attacking dry wood; — termites; — marine organisms capable of attacking wood in service. Data on the biological durability of the heartwood of selected wood species considered of economic importance in European countries are presented in Annex A (informative), which also provides information relating to their geographical origin, density, sapwood width and treatability. NOTE Treatability, durability to disfiguring fungi, permeability to water and performance in use of wood and wood-based materials are also important issues. However, because standardized methods aiming to assess and classify these factors do not exist and/or have not been extensively experienced yet, preliminary guidance is given in Annex B (informative) for the classification of wood treatability with aqueous wood preservatives, Annex C (informative) for the classification of the permeability to water, and Annex D (informative) for the durability to disfiguring fungi.

 

This document specifies the apparatus and procedure for determining the effective alkali content of cements and other hydraulic binders. The method determines the effective alkali content after 28 days of hydration by extracting pore water from cement stone and determining the concentration of sodium and potassium (method A) or hydroxyl ions in the solution (method B).

 

This document specifies the equipment to be used, the procedures to be applied and the requirements for sampling common cement and/or its constituent materials, representative of defined lots, for testing purposes. The same equipment and procedures can be used for other types of cement or materials; in some cases, modifications to the procedure are also permitted, provided that this document and/or the modifications are referenced in the relevant product standards. The provisions of this document are only applicable when samples of constituent of common cement are: a) required for evaluating the conformity of common cement or constituent of cement at the characteristics related to common cement, to cement constituents, to the release of dangerous substances to soil and ground water of common cement, and to environmental sustainability of common cement; or b) requested for checking a delivery or a lot with a standard, the provisions of a contract or the specification in an order. This document is applicable to the sampling of powders or bulk materials, whether they are: c) contained in silos; d) contained in bags, canisters, drums or any other packages; e) transported in bulk in road vehicles, railway wagons, ships, etc. NOTE The requirements of this document can also, by agreement between the parties, be followed for acceptance inspections for all non-standardized hydraulic binders.

 

This document describes the analytical procedures used to determine the content of tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF) of cement starting from a chemical analysis on cement. The method can be applied on all common cements as defined on EN 197-1. This document also describes the calculation procedures for determining of tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), aluminate (C3A) and tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF) in the Portland cement clinker as defined in the EN 197-1. In both cases, for cement and clinker, the calculation method is based on the Bogue method assuming each phase has a pure composition. This is a conventional method, whereby the actual mineralogical composition can differ from the results obtained using this method. For the determination of the various chemical species of clinker, cement and basic-complexing residue (BCR) described in this document, the method is indicated in the relevant clause.

 

This document describes a method for the determination of whiteness and the colour of common cements and clinkers. This method can be used to determine the whiteness of white cements defined in the EN 197-1. This document does not apply to colour measurements on cement-based formulated products or cement-based products. The method is based on the measurement of the CIE XYZ trichromatic coordinates and describes the mathematical procedure for converting these coordinates into the CIE 1976 (L*a*b*) colour space. NOTE Although the possible values of the L* parameter range from 0 to 100, this document applies to the range between 70 and 100 (photopic vision).

 

This document describes the method for determining the contribution of cement’s alkali to the alkali-silica reaction process that can occur in concrete or mortar containing aggregates potentially susceptible to alkali attack. The principle is to consider the alkalis from the insoluble part of the cement (generally associated with fly ash, for example, or pozzolans) and the alkali from the diluted part of the cement (generally associated with clinker, gypsum, granulated blast furnace slag, or limestone) [1]. This test method can be used in the framework of preventing the risk of alkali silica reaction [2].

 

This document describes two equivalent test methods for determining the glass content in Granulated blast furnace Slag (GBS) as constituent for common cement as defined on EN 197-1. Method A - Method of determining the glass content of GBS by X-ray diffraction. Method B - Method of determining the glass content of GBS by polarized optical microscopy. The glass content (or glassy/amorphous phase) in GBS is the fraction of the material that lacks a crystalline structure, having solidified rapidly from the melt in the form of amorphous glass. It is usually expressed as a percentage (wt%) of the total slag. In the absence of a product standard or a specification in the product standard, the constituent is tested at the fineness of the intended use. Furthermore, these test methods are used in manufacturing control of cement constituents for assessing their conformity to the limit indicated in EN 197-1.

 

This document describes a test method applicable to cast test specimens for evaluating the Sulfate Resistance (SR characteristic) of cements. Sulfate resistance means that these binders can be used in concrete bodies submitted to sulfate attacks. In these methods, the test is carried out under controlled exposure conditions using a defined concentration of sulfate solution. The chosen test conditions are intended to accelerate external sulfate attack. This test method is appropriate in particular for CEM III/A cements and other various binders, in particular those with pozzolanic main constituents. It is adapted from the CUR - NL - Civieltechnisch Centrum Uitvoering Research en Regelgeving (Centre for Civil Engineering Research and Codes) - Recommendation 48 - Suitability test for new cements for application in concrete. This test method is listed in European Assessment Document - EAD 150004-00-0301, Annex B.

 

This document describes test methods (reference and alternative) applicable to cast test specimens for evaluating the Sulftate Resistance (SR characteristic) of cements. Sulfate resistance means that these binders can be used in concrete bodies submitted to sulfate attacks. In these methods, the test is carried out under controlled exposure conditions using an increased concentration of sulfate solution. These test conditions are intended to accelerate external sulfate attack. The reference test method is adapted from the modified SVA test method (German Institute for Building Technology (DIBt), Expert Committee (SVA)): “Testing the Sulfate Resistance of Cements with pozzolanic main constituents”. The modified SVA test method is listed in European Assessment Document – EAD 150007-01-0301, Annex C. This test method is appropriate for various binders, in particular those with pozzolanic main constituents. The alternative test method is listed in European Assessment Document – EAD 150009-01-0301, Annex A. This test method is appropriate for CEM III/A cements.

 

This document establishes a methodology for linking abstract concepts within Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) standards and specifies structural mechanisms for organizing their link relationships, aiming to facilitate cross-domain information exchange. Methodologies for the development of RDF that relate to BIM and GIS are not within the scope of this document.

 

This document outlines the conceptual framework and methodology for linking abstract concepts between BIM and GIS standards to facilitate BIM/GIS interoperability. This document provides the mechanisms to establish links between abstract concepts in both domains in terms of metamodels, abstract conceptual schemas and application schemas.

 

This document specifies a method for preparing treated wood test specimens prior leaching test to obtain water samples from treated wood which has been in conditions designed to simulate treated wood exposed out of ground contact (wood held in the storage yard after treatment and which has been in conditions designed to simulate outdoor, out of ground contact situations, use Class 3), or continuous contact with the ground or with water (use Class 4 or 5). This document is also applicable to untreated wood and modified wood. NOTE 1 Test methods written in CEN/TC 38 include how to prepare specimens of wood and wood-based materials before leaching tests. NOTE 2 EN 350 can be considered when using this document for testing untreated wood or modified wood, regarding reference wood species, number of test specimens etc.

 

This document specifies a laboratory method for obtaining water samples from preservative treated wood exposed out of ground contact (wood held in the storage yard after treatment and which has been in conditions designed to simulate outdoor, out of ground contact situations), at increasing time intervals after exposure.

 

1.1 Scope of EN 1991-1-4 (1) This document gives rules for the determination of natural wind actions for the structural design of building and civil engineering works for each of the loaded areas under consideration. This includes actions applied to the whole structure or parts of it, as well as wind-exposed elements attached to the structure. (2) This document is applicable to: - buildings and other civil engineering works with heights up to 200 m; - guyed masts, other open lattice structures and chimneys with heights up to 300 m; - bridges having no span greater than 200 m. (3) The rules contained in this document allow the evaluation of characteristic wind actions on land-based structures. (4) This document is applicable to offshore coastal structures. NOTE Additional or amended provisions can be necessary. (5) This document does not give guidance on non-synoptic winds (e.g. thunderstorms, downbursts, microbursts, tornadoes, etc.), mixed wind climates, nor does it give guidance on how to account for local effects (e.g. thermal effects, funnelling, strong arctic thermal surface inversion, etc.). (6) This document addresses simplified procedures for dynamic effects, mostly based on the assumption of a dominant single-mode response (see Annex E, Annex F and Annex G). General criteria for performing a full dynamic analysis under aerodynamic excitation are not treated in this document. (7) Wind pressure effects of passing vehicles are outside the scope of this document. NOTE See EN 1991 2 for wind effects from passing trains. 8) This document also provides guidance on wind tunnel testing and numerical modelling which can be needed or desirable when the shape or structural behaviour are unusual or do not strictly fall within the rules of the document, or in cases of unusual orography or other surroundings. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The assumptions given in EN 1990-1:2023+A1:2026, 1.2 apply.

 

This document specifies a method for the determination of the water vapour transmission properties of waterproofing sheets. It is applicable to factory made bitumen, plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing, damp proof sheets, damp proof courses, underlays and vapour control layers.

 

This document specifies a test method for determining the watertightness under dynamic pressure of curtain walling, as defined in iso:proj:73332ISO 22497:2021 , including fixed and openable infills as shown in Figure 1 , assembled for normal use and installed as in practice. This document is applicable to areas subject to driving rain and strong wind, including typhoons, hurricanes, and cyclones. This document does not apply to the joints between curtain walling perimeter frame and the building construction as shown in Figure 2 .

 

This document specifies test methods for determination of characteristics for fixing of factory-made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels (hereafter referred to as sandwich panels) to substructure and for stabilization of substructure. Sandwich panels are used for both self-supporting and structural applications in roofs, in external and internal walls (including partitions) and in ceilings in buildings as well as those in cold store applications.

 

This document specifies design methods for combination of actions and spans for factory made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels (hereafter sandwich panels). The sandwich panels are for use in self-supporting and structural applications in roofs, in external and internal walls (including partitions) and in ceilings in buildings as well as those in cold store applications. This document covers uniformly distributed loads, line loads perpendicular to the span over the full width of the panel and thermal gradients, it gives no information about normal forced axially loaded sandwich panels, torsional loaded sandwich panels or sandwich panels as a part of a diaphragm.

 

This document specifies characteristics of factory-made double skin metal faced insulating sandwich panels intended to be used as elements for self-supporting applications in construction works in roofs, external and internal walls (including partitions) and in ceilings (hereafter referred to as non-structural sandwich panels). The non-structural sandwich panels consist of two faces made of: — steel; — stainless steel; — aluminium; — aluminium alloys; — copper and insulating core made of: — rigid polyurethane (PU) (see 3.1.17); — expanded polystyrene (EPS) (see 3.1.15); — extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) (see 3.1.16); — phenolic foam (PF) (see 3.1.14); — mineral wool (MW) (see 3.1.13) either by using an auto-adhesive bonding technique or by using a separate adhesive layer. Products which are — curved; — perforated (perforated faces); — used for stabilization purposes; — consisting of two or more clearly specified layers of different insulating core materials (multi-layered) or of different materials per face; — used as ceilings when fastening is under permanent tension load; — parts of clean room kits, conditioning room kits, cold storage room kits and cold storage building envelope and building kits; — reused; are excluded from this product definition. Products intended to be used for structural applications are excluded from this product definition.