Rakennustuoteteollisuus RTT

 

This document applies to cylinders and their keys for locks that are normally used in buildings and are designed to be used with cylinders, where the locks have an operational torque of maximum 1,5 Nm. This document specifies performance and other requirements for the strength, security, durability, performance and corrosion resistance of cylinders and their original keys. It also specifies cylinders suitable for use in locking systems, Master key systems (MKS). It establishes one category of use, three grades of durability, two grades for mechanical coding (single cylinders and MKS), three grades for fire and four grades corrosion resistance, all based on performance tests, as well as thirteen grades of key related security based on design requirements and five grades on performance tests that simulate attack. This document includes tests of satisfactory operation at a range of temperatures. It specifies test methods to be used on cylinders and their protective measures linked with these cylinders and recommended by the manufacturer. Corrosion resistance is specified by reference to the requirements of EN 1670 on corrosion resistance of building hardware. The suitability of cylinders for use on fire or smoke-door assemblies is determined by fire performance tests conducted in addition to the performance testing required by this document. Since suitability for use on fire doors is not essential in every situation, the manufacturer has the option to state if the cylinder conforms to these additional requirements or not. If so claimed, cylinders will comply with the requirements in Annex A. Assessment of fire resistance and smoke control (grade A and grade B) is beyond the scope of this document. On occasions there can be a need for additional functions within the design of the cylinder. Purchasers should satisfy themselves that the products are suitable for their intended use.

 

This part of ISO 834 specifies a test method for determining the fire resistance of various elements of construction when subjected to fire exposure conditions, represented with standardized time-temperature curves. The test data thus obtained will permit subsequent classification on the basis of the duration for which the performance of the tested elements under these conditions satisfies specified criteria.

 

This part of ISO 834 specifies the procedures to be followed for determining the fire resistance of columns when tested on their own. Two methods of testing are described: Method A is applicable to any type of column and the test is conducted with an applied axial load to the column. Method B is only applicable to protected steel columns with any type of protection system and the test is conducted with no load applied to the column and the fire resistance is determined based on steel temperature limits. Method B is only applicable to protection systems that do not support any of the structural load. The application of this test to other untested forms of construction is acceptable when the construction complies with the direct field of application as given in this part of ISO 834 or when subjected to an extended application analysis in accordance with ISO/TR 12470. Since ISO/TR 12470 gives only general guidelines, specific extended application analyses are to be performed only by persons expert in fire-resistant constructions. General guidance on this test method is given in annex A.

 

This document specifies a method for determining the ability of a covering to protect underlying materials against damage during a specified fire exposure. The document is not used for the evaluation of fire resistance classifications (e.g. EI, EW, E,…) or reaction to fire classifications (according to EN 13501 1). The fire protection ability is nullified by the presence of combustible materials in the cavity behind the covering. The applicability of the results is limited according to the quantity and position of such combustible materials within that cavity. NOTE The amount of combustible materials permissible in the cavity is generally laid down in national regulations.

 

EN 1991-1-8 gives principles and rules to determine the values of wave and current actions on structures and civil engineering works in the coastal zone/area. This document describes the principles of defining the design sea conditions, including design water level variability for structures in the coastal area. This document describes the design principles of determining actions from waves and currents of the following types in the coastal structures zone: — fixed structures: — cylindrical structures; — suspended decks; — sub sea pipelines; — breakwaters: — mound breakwaters; — vertical face breakwaters; — composite breakwaters; — wave screens; — floating breakwaters; — coastal embankments: — revetments; — seawalls; — permanent moored floating structures. For floating structures additional guidance would normally be needed for: — floating platforms related to oil and gas production or processing; — floating platforms for renewable energy production. The scope of this document is outside flood risk management structures like dykes or levees. The document does not include provisions for selection of breakwater layouts (i.e design of harbours), layout of structures to manage sediment transport, scour and beach stability.

 

EN 1994-2 gives design rules for steel-concrete composite bridges or members of bridges, supplementary to the general rules given in EN 1994-1-1.

 

EN 1994-1-1 gives basic rules for the design of steel-concrete composite structures and supplementary provisions specific to buildings. NOTE Specific rules for bridges are given in EN 1994-2.

 

(1) EN 1994-1-2 gives rules for the design of steel-concrete composite structures for the accidental design situation of fire exposure. It only identifies differences from, or supplements to, rules for normal temperature design. (2) EN 1994-1-2 only applies to structures, or parts of structures, that are within the scope of EN1994-1-1 and are designed accordingly.

 

1.1 Scope of EN 19914 (1) EN 1991-4 provides guidance for calculating actions for the structural design of silos and tanks. NOTE 1 Silos are used for the storage of particulate solids: tanks are used for the storage of liquids. NOTE 2 For limitations on rules for silos given in this document, see 1.3. NOTE 3 For limitations on rules for tanks given in this document, see 1.4. (2) EN 1991 4 includes some provisions for actions on silo and tank structures that are not only associated with the stored solids or liquids (e.g. the effects of thermal differentials) but substantially affected by them. NOTE Liquid loads on tanks are very precisely defined. Many loads on silos are not known with great precision. This standard provides guidance for many practical situations for which very limited certain knowledge is available, and the information is derived from the limited experimental and analytical information available, coupled with conclusions drawn from failure investigations. The information is not based on a sound statistical treatment of experimental data. (3) EN 1991 4 is intended for use with concrete, steel, aluminium, timber and FRP storage structures. NOTE FRP is the standard acronym for fibre reinforced polymer materials. (4) EN 1991 4 may be used for the structural assessment of existing construction, in developing the design of repairs and alterations or for assessing changes of use. NOTE Where the structural appraisal of an existing structure is being considered, reference can be made to the National Annex and to the client concerning the relevance of the current standard. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply. (2) EN 1991 4 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, with the other parts of EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1995, EN 1997, EN 1998 and EN 1999 where relevant to the design of silos and tanks. 1.3 Limitations on silos 1.3.1 Geometrical limitations (1) The following geometrical limitations apply to the design rules for silos covered by this document: - the silo here defined is either an isolated structure or can be part of a battery of silos. For a silo battery, the term silo is used throughout this standard to refer to a single cell within the battery; - the silo planform cross-section shapes are limited to those shown in Figure 1.1c. NOTE 1 Minor variations to these shapes can be accepted provided the structural consequences of the resulting changes in pressure are expected to be considered. Further information concerning planform cross-section geometries is given in 7; NOTE 2 Further information concerning planform cross-section geometries is given in Clause 7. - the relevant overall height of the silo hb (Figure 1.1a) is measured from the level of the equivalent surface of the stored solid (see 3.2.17) when the silo is filled to its maximum capacity, down to the apex of the cone of the hopper or to the flat base where there is no hopper; NOTE For the evaluation of ho to calculate hb, see (2). - the effective diameter dc of the silo should be determined as indicated in Figure 1.1c; - the following dimensional limitations on the overall height hb and aspect ratio hb/dc apply (see Figure 1.1): hb/dc < 10 (1.1) hb < 100 m (1.2) dc < 60 m (1.3) - the structural transition lies in a single horizontal plane (see Figure 1.1a); - the relevant cylindrical section height of the silo hc (Figure 1.1a) should be measured from the level of the equivalent surface of the stored solid (see 3.2.17) when the silo is filled to its maximum capacity, down to the structural transition (see Figure 1.1a) or to the flat base where there is no hopper; (2) For a symmetrically filled circular silo of diameter dc, h0 should be determined as: (1.4) and for a symmetrically filled rectangular silo of characteristic dimension dc, h0 should be determined as: (1.5) where: ...

 

(1) EN 1991-3 defines actions imposed by cranes and other machines including dynamic effects, if relevant, for the structural design of crane or machine supporting structures. (2) EN 1991-3 provides guidance on crane classification in terms of dynamic factors and fatigue actions. (3) EN 1991-3 applies to supporting structures of - bridge, gantry and wall cranes travelling on fixed runways; - fixed machines that cause a harmonic dynamic loading on fixed supporting structures. (4) The principles provided in EN 1991-3 can be applied also to determine actions on supporting structures of cranes other than those referred to in (3). (5) EN 1991-3 does not provide partial factors for actions. NOTE For partial factors for actions, see Annex A.5 to EN 1990:2023+prA1:2024. (6) EN 1991-3 does not provide actions or provisions for the design of cranes and machines.

 

1.1 Scope of prEN 1991-1-6 (1) prEN 1991-1-6 provides guidance and general rules on the determination of actions relevant for the design of buildings and civil engineering works, including geotechnical structures, for their execution stage. NOTE Actions for design during execution include those that only arise from execution activities and act during execution, termed construction actions (for example personnel and hand tools, auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution), and others that are present during the service life of the completed structure (for example self-weight, wind, etc.) but which can act differently and/or have different values during execution. (2) prEN 1991-1-6 provides guidance and general rules for the determination of actions for the design of auxiliary structures, elements and equipment used during execution in case they are designed to the Eurocodes and not to other European Standards. NOTE Other European Standards (e.g. EN 12810, EN 12811, EN 12812) provide specific rules for certain types of auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution. (3) prEN 1991-1-6 gives rules for buildings and bridges during execution to supplement the provisions in EN 1990. NOTE For combination rules for execution, see EN 1990. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The general assumptions given in EN 1990 apply. (2) The application of this document follows the limit state principle and is based on the partial factor method, unless explicitly prescribed differently. (3) The verification of buildings and civil engineering structures in transient design situations is undertaken in accordance with the Eurocodes, accounting for the interaction with any auxiliary structures, elements and/or equipment. (4) When using European product standards covering auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution, it is assumed that the design basis, design requirements and, if provided, the safety and operational design limits specified in these product standards are taken into account. (5) Adequate planning, documentation, communication, control and supervision are provided during execution, involving all relevant parties. NOTE Execution of a structure can involve interaction between several parties from diverse engineering fields, responsible for the design, fabrication, transportation and execution of different subsystems used during the execution of a structure.

 

EN 1991-1-4 gives principles and rules for the determination of natural wind actions for the structural design of building and civil engineering works for each of the loaded areas under consideration. This includes the whole structure or parts of the structure or elements attached to the structure, e.g. components, cladding units and their fixings, safety and noise barriers. This part is applicable to: - buildings and civil engineering works with heights up to 300m; - bridges having no span greater than 200m. This part is intended to predict characteristic wind actions on land-based structures, their components and appendages. This part is also applicable to structures less than 1km offshore from the main coastline. For offshore structures more than 1km from the main coastline, the terrain effects defined in this part do not apply.

 

(1) This document provides provisions for the assessment of existing structures, including geotechnical structures, and the general principles for interventions, to be used in conjunction with prEN 1990-1. NOTE This document is based on the general requirements and principles of structural reliability provided in prEN 1990-1. (2) Unless otherwise specified, prEN 1990-1 applies. (3) This document covers general principles regarding actions for assessment, complementing EN 1991 (all parts). NOTE Provisions for seismic actions due to earthquake are provided in EN 1998-3. (4) This document does not cover the design of new structural parts that will be integrated into an existing structure. NOTE For the design of new structural parts, see prEN 1990-1. (5) This document does not provide: — specific rules for initiation of assessment; — specific rules on how to undertake interventions that may be carried out as a result of an assessment; — material-specific technical provisions for existing structures; — provisions for seismic assessment and retrofitting of existing structures. NOTE For provisions for seismic assessment and retrofitting of existing structures, see EN 1998-3.

 

(1) This document establishes principles and requirements for the safety, serviceability, robustness and durability of structures, including geotechnical structures, appropriate to the consequences of failure. (2) This document is also applicable for existing structures NOTE Additional provisions are given in prEN 1990-2. (3) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the other Eurocodes for buildings and civil engineering works, including temporary structures. (4) This document describes the basis for structural and geotechnical verification according to the limit state principle. (5) The verification methods in this document are based primarily on the partial factor method. NOTE 1 Alternative methods are given in the other Eurocodes for specific applications. NOTE 2 The Annexes to this document also provide general guidance concerning the use of alternative methods. (6) This document is also applicable for structures where materials or actions outside the scope of EN 1991 (all parts) to EN 1999 (all parts) are involved. NOTE In this case, additional or amended provisions can be necessary.

 

ISO 12006-3 defines the underlying data model for BIM related dictionaries. This will be the foundation of this standard. Engineering tools are used to define, simulate and operate building services systems (including e.g. HVAC systems and building automation systems). To build such a system basically means to interconnect different products in a way that the resulting system fits into the building and works according to the functional requirements. The products are selected from product catalogues of manufactures or distributors. Important aspects of these products are information on their behaviour in different situations and the connection points that allow to connect the products and to build the system. The goal of this standard is to support the engineering tools by enabling them to identify the relevant information easily in different dictionaries. In the area of building services, a few generic concepts are widely used: This standard defines some common high-level elements and some design patterns which provide a way to identify these basic structures across dictionaries. This prevents tools from the necessity to be adapted to each dictionary they have to deal with, and it ensures that basic dictionary elements can be used with the same semantics across dictionaries.

 

This part of the standard – EN ISO 16757 Part 5: Product catalogue exchange format - describes how product catalogue data for building services products is exchanged by means of a specific IFC MVD from manufacturers to designers of building services systems. With EN ISO 16739-1:2020, an open language exists for the creation, transfer and maintenance of design models. The standard EN 17549-2 defines the data exchange of scalable product properties within IFC. It represents a simplification of EN ISO 16739-1:2020 from an information technology perspective and as such is a Model View Definition (MVD). It focuses on core classes and relies on external data dictionaries to describe business semantics. This part of the standard EN ISO 16757 completes the description of the IFC-based data exchange format for manufacturer catalogues including the parametric properties of for example: This standard is aimed at both software manufacturers for the construction sector and professionals in the sector who use their software. This part of the standard focuses only on the format of the data exchanged and not on how to process it. Notes on the implementation of the standard in application software can be found in the (non-normative) Annex B. This standard does not (!) directly lead to an automatic selection of products. The product data catalogue does not contain any decision criteria for this. However, the data of a catalogue could be searched by application programs looking for a suitable product size. According to EN ISO 16757 Part 4, this standard does not provide a data template, as it assumes that these are already defined in data dictionaries according to EN ISO 12006-3. This part of the EN ISO 16757 standard describes the overall scope of the types of data that can be transmitted, and the form of transmission. Specialist planners of complete systems for building services, for example, will expect almost all of this data in the catalogue, as they require the shape data for dimensioning and clash detection in addition to the technical design and setting of the products. However, there are also special applications that only require individual property values (for example the weight and space requirement for transport planning). For these purposes, different extensive templates according to EN ISO 16757 Part 4 are set up.

 

The focus of ISO 16757 is the support of manufacturers to provide their product data in electronic product catalogues. This part of the standard – ISO 16757 Part 5: Product catalogue exchange format - describes how product catalogue data is exchanged as IFC format according to ISO 16739-1 from manufacturers to designers of building services systems. With ISO 16739-1 (IFC), an open language exists for the creation, transfer and maintenance of design models. prEN 17549-1 and prEN 17549-2 define the data exchange of scalable product properties within IFC. These standards provide a Model View Definition (MVD), a subset of ISO 16739-1 from an information technology perspective. It focuses on core classes and relies on external data dictionaries to describe business semantics. This document completes the description of the IFC-based data exchange format for manufacturer catalogues by describing how to model: • Catalogue metadata • Product classes • Constraints for parametric data • Product accessory structures • Constraints for assembling composable products and accessories • Reusable and multiply used data blocks • Product properties as defined in the related library • Static product properties • Dynamic computable properties • Geometric data of product spaces • Geometric data of product symbols • Geometric data of product shape • Geometric data of product ports • Article numbers • Etc. This document focuses only on the format of the data exchanged and not on how to process it. This document is aimed at both software manufacturers for the construction sector and professionals in the sector who use their software.

 

The focus of ISO 16757 is the support of manufacturers to provide their product data in electronic product catalogues. The standard - ISO 16757 Part 4: Dictionaries for product catalogues – describes which data structures are required in a dictionary to support the exchange of product data from manufacturers to designers of building services systems. Basis for this specification are the standards ISO 12006-3 and ISO 23386. In the scope of this standard are the following elements: - The definition of roles of ISO 12006-3 subjects that are needed to describe the concepts used in current product catalogue dictionaries. These roles include the following: o Product classes to represent product groups with similar property sets o Blocks that represent reusable and multiply used set of properties o System classes that represent the systems into which a product may be installed and provide the system properties which determine the values of dependent product properties o Port classes that allow the product independent description of different kinds of ports which can be used for the definition of product classes or blocks o Catalogue classes that describe the meta data of a catalogue o Tagging classes that allow the tagging of properties to distinguish property roles in the product description - A requirement model capturing the necessary structures to describe these roles - A mapping to the dictionary model of ISO 12006-3.

 

This document applies to the whole range of shutters, awnings and blinds defined in EN 12216, described as solar protection devices in this document. It specifies the corresponding properties and classifications: - relating to thermal comfort: - the solar factor (total solar energy transmittance); - the secondary heat transfer factor; - the direct solar transmittance; - relating to visual comfort: - the darkening performance; - the night privacy; - the visual contact with the outside; - the glare control; - the daylight utilization; - the rendering of colours. NOTE For other purposes, more detailed methods using different parameters can be used. Some of the characteristics (e.g. gtot) are not applicable when solar protection devices are not parallel to the glazing (e.g. folding-arm awnings). This document is not applicable to the solar protection devices using fluorescent materials.

 

This part of ISO 9239 specifies a method for assessing the wind-opposed burning behaviour and spread of flame of horizontally mounted floorings exposed to a heat flux radiant gradient in a test chamber, when ignited with pilot flames. Annex A gives details of assessing the smoke development, when required. This method is applicable to all types of flooring, e.g. textile carpet, cork, wood, rubber and plastics coverings as well as coatings. Results obtained by this method reflect the performance of the flooring, including any substrate if used. Modifications of the backing, bonding to a substrate, underlay or other changes of the flooring may affect test results. This part of ISO 9239 is applicable to the measurement and description of the properties of floorings in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions. It should not be used alone to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of floorings under actual fire conditions. Information on the precision of the test method is given in Annex B.