Suomen ympäristökeskus

 

This document provides guidance for communicating the risks related to the beneficial use of biosolids produced from industrial and municipal sludge and municipal biosolids derived products (e.g. composts, growing medium) and for managing public perception related to their use. This document: — defines key concepts related to risk and risk communication; — provides context for risk in relation to the beneficial use of biosolids; — describes public perceptions and responses to the beneficial use of biosolids at a global scale; — outlines risk communication principles, methods, and tools; — includes case studies and examples of communication strategies. This document can also be used to support the development of biosolids management plans, particularly in relation to community consultation, engagement, and communication activities. In addition, it can be applied, where appropriate, to risk communication associated with other beneficial uses of biosolids or similar materials. This document does not apply to communication regarding hazardous sludge originating from wastewater that, due to its physical, chemical, or infectious properties, can pose significant risks to human health or the environment during use, handling, storage, or transportation, and requires specialized disposal methods. The definition of “beneficial use of biosolids” is outside the scope of this document.

 

This document provides requirements and recommendations for the ecotoxicological evaluation and classification of sludge for land application, and suitable land application pathways. This document applies to sludge from wastewater treatment plants.

 

This document provides guidance on the description of soil in the field and its environmental context. It is applicable to natural, near-natural, urban and industrial sites. The soil observations and measurements can be made on a project site level, on a plot level, on layer or horizon level and on specific soil constituents. It also provides guidance on how to describe layers of anthropogenic (artificial) material or layers that were not modified by pedogenic processes in the strict sense and how to describe coarse material of natural or artificial origin. This document can be used in combination with other publications that provide guidance or requirements regarding specific aspects of soil observations and measurements. NOTE 1 It might not be possible or necessary to record data under all the headings listed in Clauses 4 to 11. NOTE 2 Overall guidance for presentation of information from soil surveys is given in ISO 15903. NOTE 3 The guidance provided assumes that sampling will be done in accordance with ISO 18400.

 

This document defines terms used in the field of soil quality.

 

This document in the series specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 2 L/kg dry matter. It applies to materials which have a particle size below 4 mm without or with size reduction. This document has been developed to investigate the leaching of inorganic and non-volatile organic substances from granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments. It does not take into account the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable materials. The test procedure specified in this document produces an eluate which is subsequently characterized physically and chemically according to appropriate standard methods. This document includes two different procedures for eluate preparation prior to analysis, one procedure for non-volatile organic substances, inorganic substances and DOC and one for inorganic substances and DOC. When assessing only the leaching of inorganic substances and DOC, certain precautions are needed when assessing the leaching of organic substances can in some cases be omitted. This procedure cannot be applied to materials with a water content or such a water affinity that a good mixing of the solid with the predetermined quantity of liquid is not achievable. This procedure does not apply to materials reacting with the leachant, leading, for example, to excessive gas emission, a solidifying effect or an excessive heat release. In that case, the material can be wetted prior to carrying out the leaching test. This test cannot be used alone to determine the leaching behaviour of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments, as specified in EN 12920. This document does not address issues related to health and safety. This procedure cannot be applied to materials with a water content or such a water affinity that a good mixing of the solid with the predetermined quantity of liquid is not achievable. This procedure does not apply to materials reacting with the leachant, leading, for example, to excessive gas emission, a solidifying effect or an excessive heat release. In that case, the material can be wetted prior to carrying out the leaching test. This test cannot be used alone to determine the leaching behaviour of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments, as specified in EN 12920. This document does not address issues related to health and safety.

 

This document in the series specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 10 L/kg dry matter. It applies to materials which have a particle size below 4 mm without or with size reduction. This document has been developed to investigate the leaching of inorganic and non-volatile organic substances from granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments. It does not take into account the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable materials. The test procedure specified in this document produces an eluate which is subsequently characterized physically and chemically according to appropriate standard methods. This document includes two different procedures for eluate preparation prior to analysis, one procedure for non-volatile organic substances, inorganic substances and DOC and one for inorganic substances and DOC. When assessing only the leaching of inorganic substances and DOC, certain precautions are needed when assessing the leaching of organic substances can in some cases be omitted. This procedure cannot be applied to materials with a water content or such a water affinity that a good mixing of the solid with the predetermined quantity of liquid is not achievable. This procedure does not apply to materials reacting with the leachant, leading, for example, to excessive gas emission, a solidifying effect or an excessive heat release. In that case, the material can be wetted prior to carrying out the leaching test. This test cannot be used alone to determine the leaching behaviour of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments, as specified in EN 12920. This document does not address issues related to health and safety.

 

This document in the series specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 10 L/kg dry matter. It applies to materials which have a particle size below 10 mm without or with size reduction. This document has been developed to investigate the leaching of inorganic and non-volatile organic substances from granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments. It does not take into account the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable materials. The test procedure specified in this document produces an eluate which is subsequently characterized physically and chemically according to appropriate standard methods. This document includes two different procedures for eluate preparation prior to analysis, one procedure for non-volatile organic substances, inorganic substances and DOC and one for inorganic substances and DOC. When assessing only the leaching of inorganic substances and DOC, certain precautions needed when assessing the leaching of organic substances can in some cases be omitted. This procedure cannot be applied to materials with a water content or such a water affinity that a good mixing of the solid with the predetermined quantity of liquid is not achievable. This procedure does not apply to materials reacting with the leachant, leading, for example, to excessive gas emission, a solidifying effect or an excessive heat release. In that case, the material can be wetted prior to carrying out the leaching test. This test cannot be used alone to determine the leaching behaviour of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments, as specified in EN 12920. This document does not address issues related to health and safety.

 

This document in the series specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 2 L/kg dry matter in a first step and subsequently of 8 L/kg dry matter in a second step. It applies to materials which have a particle size below 4 mm without or with size reduction. This document has been developed to investigate the leaching of inorganic and non-volatile organic substances from granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments. It does not take into account the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable materials. The test procedure specified in this document produces an eluate which is subsequently characterized physically and chemically according to appropriate standard methods. This document includes two different procedures for eluate preparation prior to analysis, one procedure for non-volatile organic substances, inorganic substances and DOC and one for inorganic substances and DOC. When assessing only the leaching of inorganic substances and DOC, certain precautions needed when assessing the leaching of organic substances can in some cases be omitted. This procedure cannot be applied to materials with a water content or such a water affinity that a good mixing of the solid with the predetermined quantity of liquid is not achievable. This procedure does not apply to materials reacting with the leachant, leading, for example, to excessive gas emission, a solidifying effect or an excessive heat release. In that case, the material can be wetted prior to carrying out the leaching test. This test cannot be used alone to determine the leaching behaviour of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments, as specified in EN 12920. This document does not address issues related to health and safety.

 

This document specifies a method for the measurement of 99Tc in all types of water by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method is applicable to test samples of supply/drinking water, rainwater, surface and ground water, as well as cooling water, industrial water, domestic, and industrial wastewater after proper sampling and handling and test sample preparation. A filtration of the test sample is necessary. The detection limit depends on the sample volume and the instrument used. The method described in this document, using currently available ICP-MS, has a detection limit of approximately 0,2 ng·kg-1 to 0,5 ng·kg-1 (0,1 Bq·kg-1 to 0,3 Bq·kg-1), which is much lower than the WHO criteria for safe consumption of drinking water (100 Bq·l-1)[3]. The method presented in this document is not intended for the determination of ultra-trace amount of 99Tc. The mass concentration values in this document are expressed by sample mass unit instead of sample volume unit as it is usually the case in similar standards. The reason is that 99Tc is measured in various matrix types such as fresh water or sea water, which have significant differences in density. The mass concentration values can be easily converted to sample volume unit by measuring the sample volume. However, it increases the uncertainty on the mass concentration result. The method described in this document is applicable in the event of an emergency situation, but not if 99mTc is present at quantities that could cause interference. The analysis of Tc adsorbed to suspended matter is not covered by this method. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for the water samples tested.

 

This document provides guidance on the description of soil in the field and its environmental context. It is applicable to natural, near-natural, urban and industrial sites. The soil observations and measurements can be made on a project site level, on a plot level, on layer or horizon level and on specific soil constituents. It also provides guidance on how to describe layers of anthropogenic (artificial) material or layers that were not modified by pedogenic processes in the strict sense and how to describe coarse material of natural or artificial origin. This document can be used in combination with other publications that provide guidance or requirements regarding specific aspects of soil observations and measurements. NOTE 1 It might not be possible or necessary to record data under all the headings listed in Clause 4 to Clause 11. NOTE 2 Overall guidance for presentation of information from soil surveys is given in ISO 15903 [2]. NOTE 3 The guidance provided assumes that sampling is done in accordance with ISO 18400.

 

This document specifies a method for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) in water samples containing suspended solids (SS) in the range of 10 mg/l to 500 mg/l. The method includes the determination of particulate organic carbon using combined ultrasonic and alkaline extraction (CUAL) pretreatment and quantification by the difference between total carbon (TC) and total inorganic carbon (TIC). Typical matrices include wastewater, stormwater, leachates, and surface water.

 

This document defines terms used in the field of soil quality.