Suomen ympäristökeskus

This document provides guidance on developing and using conceptual site models (CSMs) through the various phases of investigation, remediation (if required), and any subsequent construction or engineering works.It describes what CSMs are, what they are used for and what their constituents are. It stresses the need for an iterative and dynamic approach to CSM development.This document is intended to be used by all those involved in developing CSMs and by those who rely on using them such as regulators, landowners, developers, and the public (and other relevant parties). Ideally, this includes representatives from all phases of the investigative and remedial processes, for example, preliminary assessment, detailed investigation, baseline human health and environmental risk assessments, and feasibility study, and, any subsequent construction or engineering work.NOTE 1 This document is applicable whenever the presence of "potentially harmful" or "hazardous" substances are present irrespective of whether they are naturally occurring or present due to human activity (i.e. are "contaminants").NOTE 2 Although most of the principles described for developing CSMs in this document can apply to other domains, such as groundwater resources management, the present document is specifically written for the management of potentially contaminated sites or known contaminated sites.

8. ScopeScope of the proposed deliverable.This International Standard specifies the measurement of explosive and related nitrocompoundscompounds using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in soil and soilmaterials. This method is applicable to 12 compounds (1,3-DNB, 1,3,5-TNB, 2,4-DNT, 2,6-DNT, 2,4,6-TNT, 4-A-2,6-DNT, 2-A-4,6-DNT, Tetryl, Hexyl, RDX, HMX, PETN) listed in ISO 11916-1(soil, HPLC/UV method) except nitrobenzene, 2-nitortoluene, 3-nitrotoluene and 4-nitrotoluene. In particular,this method is effective for the analysis of PETN, 1,3,5-TNB and tetryl which showed poor interlaboratory trial results with ISO 11916-1. Under the conditions specified in this document, concentrations as low as 0,005 mg/kg to 0,014 mg/kg-dry matter can be determined, depending on the substance.Purpose and justification of the proposal*Currently two ISO standards exist for the analysis of explosives and related compounds in soil: ISO 11916-1(HPLC/UV method), ISO 11916-2(GC-ECD or MS method). According to the results of interlaboratory trial with ISO 11916-1, it showed some problematic aspects to analyze PETN, 1,3,5-TNB and tetryl. In case of ISO 11916-2, it also gave poor inter-laboratory trial results for 1,3,5-TNB. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new method effectively applicable to the determination of PETN, 1,3,5-TNB and tetryl.In addition to this, lower risk-based PRGs (Preliminary Remediation Goal), new regulatory concerns, and change of land use have created the atmosphere to apply more sensitive and selective instruments to determine explosive and related compounds. From the view of these aspects, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is one of alternative methods for these purposes. LC-MS/MS method provides 10-20 times or much lower detection limit than that of HPLC/UV method and is recommendable to determine PETN, 1,3,5-TNB and tetryl.Also LC-MS/MS method is getting more familiar in ISO standard development (e.g. ISO/CD22104 Water quality--Microcystins, ISO/NP21677 Water quality--HBCD, ISO/CD21675 Water quality--PFAS).Consider the following: Is there a verified market need for the proposal? What problem does thisstandard solve? What value will the document bring to end-users? See Annex C of the ISO/IECDirectives part 1 for more information. See the following guidance on justification statements on ISO Connect:https://connect.iso.org/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=27590861

This document specifies a method for quantitative determination of seven selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180) in soil, sludge, sediment, treated biowaste,and waste using GC-MS and GC-ECD (see Table 2).The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract.Under the conditions specified in this European Standard, lower limit of application from 1 µg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for soils, sludge and biowaste to 10 µg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for solid waste can be achieved. For some specific samples the limit of 10 µg/kg cannot be reached.Sludge, waste and treated biowaste may differ in properties, as well as in the expected contamination levels of PCB and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This European Standard contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used.NOTE For the analysis of PCB in insulating liquids, petroleum products, used oils and aqueous samples is referred to EN 61619, EN 12766-1 and EN ISO 6468 respectively.The method can be applied to the analysis of other PCB congeners not specified in the scope, provided suitability is proven by proper in-house validation experiments.

This European Standard describes the necessary steps to be performed before carrying out ecotoxicity tests on wastes. The purpose of this European Standard is to provide guidance on the taking of the sample, transport, storage of wastes and to define preparation, for the determination of ecotoxicological properties of wastes under the conditions specified in this European Standard by biological testing either as raw wastes or water extracts from wastes. Sample preparation for other applications (e.g. assessment of waste effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms in a disposal scenario) is not considered.Specifying a test battery to characterize ecotoxicological properties of wastes is not in the scope of this European Standard.This European Standard is applicable to solid and liquid wastes.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the loss on ignition (LOI) of dry matter at 550 °C. The dry matter is determined according to EN 15934.This method applies to the determination of loss on ignition of sludge, treated biowaste, soil and waste. The LOI of sediments can also be determined with this method.The loss on ignition is often used as an estimate for the content of organic matter in the sample. Inorganic substances or decomposition products (e. g. H2O, CO2, SO2, O2) are released or absorbed and some inorganic substances are volatile under the reaction conditions.