Suomen ympäristökeskus

This document sets out the general principles for, and provides guidance on, the design of sampling programmes and sampling techniques for all aspects of sampling of water (including waste waters, sludges, effluents, suspended solids and sediments). This document does not include detailed instructions for specific sampling situations, which are covered in various other parts of ISO 5667 and in ISO 19458.

This document specifies one of the methods for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining the effects of soil contaminants and chemicals on the reproduction of Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei by dermal and alimentary uptake. This chronic test is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality, e.g. from contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, agricultural or other sites concerned, and waste materials.This method is designed mainly for determining the effects of soil contaminants and chemicals on the reproduction of Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei. Technical information is also provided on how to use Eisenia fetida/andrei for testing chemicals under tropical conditions (see Annex A). Finally, this method also includes technical information on how to use it with other environmentally relevant earthworm species: e.g., Aporrectodea caliginosa and Dendrodrilus rubidus (see Annexes B and C).This method does not apply to substances for which the air/soil partition coefficient is greater than one, or to substances with vapour pressure exceeding 300 Pa, at 25 °C. This method does not take into account the persistence of the substance during the test.

This document specifies a method for the determination of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) in drinking water, groundwater, surface water, wastewater, bathing water and mineral water using the small-scale sealed tube method. The result can be expressed as NH4 or NH4-N or NH3 or NH3-N. This method is applicable to (NH4-N) concentration ranges from 0,01 mg/l to 1 800 mg/l of NH4-N. The measuring ranges of concentration can vary depending on the type of small-scale sealed tube method of different manufacturers. Concentrations even slightly higher than the upper limit indicated in the manufacturers manual relating to the small-scale sealed tube method used, cannot be reported as accurate results. It is up to the user to choose the small-scale sealed tube test with the appropriate application range or to adapt samples with concentrations exceeding the measuring range of a test by preliminary dilution. All manufacturers' methods are based on the Berthelot reaction and its modifications to develop indophenol blue colour. Reagents mixtures can differ slightly based on manufacturers small-scale sealed tube method, see Clause 9. This method is applicable to non-preserved samples by using small-scale sealed tubes for the determination of drinking water, groundwater, surface water, wastewater and to preserved samples. The method is applicable to samples with suspended materials if these materials are removable by filtration.

This document specifies a method for the determination of total bound nitrogen (ST-TNb) in water of various origins: groundwater, surface water, and wastewater, in a measuring range of concentration generally between 0,5 mg/l and 220 mg/l of ST-TNb using the small-scale sealed tube method. Different measuring ranges of small-scale sealed tube methods can be required. The measuring ranges can vary depending on the type of small-scale sealed tube method of different manufacturers. It is up to the user to choose the small-scale sealed tube with the appropriate application range or to adapt samples with concentrations exceeding the measuring range of a test by preliminary dilution. All small-scale sealed tube methods are based on a heated alkaline potassium persulfate oxidation in a heating block. Different digestion temperatures, 100 °C or 120 °C or 170 °C, and different digestion times are applicable. Dimethylphenol colour reactions are applied, depending on the typical operating procedure of the small-scale sealed tube used, see Clause 9.

This document specifies a method for the determination of total bound nitrogen (ST-TNb) in water of various origins: groundwater, surface water, and wastewater, in a measuring range of concentration generally between 0,5 mg/l and 150 mg/l of ST-TNb using the small-scale sealed tube method. Different measuring ranges of small-scale sealed tube methods can be required. The measuring ranges can vary depending on the type of small-scale sealed tube method of different manufacturers. It is up to the user to choose the small-scale sealed tube test with the appropriate application range or to adapt samples with concentrations exceeding the measuring range of a test by preliminary dilution. All small-scale sealed tube methods are based on a heated alkaline potassium persulfate oxidation in a heating block at 100 °C and different digestion times are applicable. Chromotropic colour reaction is applied, depending on the typical operating procedure of the small-scale sealed tube used, see Clause 9.

This document describes a spectrophotometric method for determining the chlorophyll-a content as a measure of the amount of phytoplankton for all types of water. Assuming a maximum sample volume of 2 l, chlorophyll-a content values of 5 µg/l or more can be determined. The determination limit can be calculated by each lab individually and it can be as low as 0,5 µg/l using 2 l of sample (or even more) and a 50 mm cuvette.

Water sampling for capture of environmental DNA (eDNA) in aquatic environments. eDNA stems from organisms which are or have recently been living in the water body and does not include eDNA found in sediments or similar sample types. Covers procedures for avoiding sample contamination and ensuring DNA quality, key properties of the filtering procedure and equipment, and reporting standards.

This document specifies methods for quantitative determination of seven selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180) in soil, sludge, sediment, treated biowaste, and waste using GC-MS and GC-ECD (see Table 2). The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract. Under the conditions specified in this document, lower limit of application from 1 µg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for soils, sludge and biowaste to 10 µg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for solid waste can be achieved. For some specific samples the limit of 10 µg/kg cannot be reached. Sludge, waste and treated biowaste may differ in properties, as well as in the expected contamination levels of PCB and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This document contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used. The method can be applied to the analysis of other PCB congeners not specified in the scope, provided suitability is proven by proper in-house validation experiments.

This document specifies one of the methods for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining the effects of soil contaminants and chemicals on the reproduction of Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei by dermal and alimentary uptake. This chronic test is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality, e.g. from contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, agricultural or other sites concerned, and waste materials. This method is designed mainly for determining the effects of soil contaminants and chemicals on the reproduction of Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei. Technical information is also provided on how to use Eisenia fetida/andrei for testing chemicals under tropical conditions (see Annex A). Finally, this method also includes technical information on how to use it with other environmentally relevant earthworm species: e.g. Aporrectodea caliginosa and Dendrodrilus rubidus (see Annexes B and C). This method does not apply to substances for which the air/soil partition coefficient is greater than one, or to substances with vapour pressure exceeding 300 Pa, at 25 °C. This method does not take into account the persistence of the substance during the test.