Suomen ympäristökeskus

This document specifies a method for the determination of drainability of flocculated sludge. It is applicable to sludge and sludge suspensions from:- storm water handling;- urban wastewater collecting systems;- urban wastewater treatment plants;- treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater (as defined in Directive 91/271/EEC);- water supply treatment plants.This method is also applicable to sludge suspensions from other origin.

The flash point test can be summarised as a procedure where a test portion is introduced into a temperature controlled test cup and an ignition source is applied to the vapours produced by the test portion to determine if the vapour / air mixture is flammable or at what temperature the vapour / air mixture is flammable.This document is not intended to be a comprehensive manual on flash point tests and the interpretation of test results, however it covers the key aspects on these subjects.

This standard specifies a method for the measurement of 99Tc in all types of waters by liquidscintillation counting (LSC).The detection limit depends on the sample volume and the instrument used. The method described inthis standard, using currently available LSC counters, has a detection limit of approximately 5 to 20Bq•kg-1, which is lower than the WHO criteria for safe consumption of drinking water (100 Bq•L-1).These values can be achieved with a counting time of 30 minutes for a sample volume varyingbetween 14 to 40 mL. The methods presented in this standard are not intended for the determination ofultra-trace amount of 99Tc.

This standard specifies a method for the measurement of 99Tc in all types of waters by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).The method described in this standard, using currently available ICP-MS, has a detection limit of approximately 0,2 to 0,5 ng•L-1 (0,1 to 0,3 Bq•kg-1), which is much lower than the WHO criteria for safe consumption of drinking water (100 Bq•L-1). The method presented in this standard is not intended for the determination of ultra-trace amount of 99Tc.

This document considers liquid atmospheric precipitation and defines the procedures and equipment to perform laboratory and field tests, in steady-state conditions, for the calibration, check and metrological confirmation of liquid precipitation measurement instruments. It provides a classification of catching-type measurement instruments based on their laboratory performance. The classification does not relate to the physical principle used for the measurement, nor does it refer to the technical characteristics of the instrument assembly, but is solely based on the instrument calibration. Attribution of a given class to an instrument is not intended as a high/low ranking of its quality but rather as a quantitative standardized method to declare the achievable measurement accuracy in order to provide guidance on the suitability for a particular purpose, while meeting the user’s requirements.

This procedure specifies a method for the determination of 228Ra activity in drinking waters by radiumextraction, purification and liquid scintillation counting.

This document is focused on the structural features of rivers, on geomorphological and hydrological processes, and on river continuity. It provides guidance on the features and processes to be taken into account when characterizing and assessing the hydromorphology of rivers. It is based on methods developed, tested, and compared in Europe. Its main aim is to improve the comparability of hydromorphological assessment methods, data processing and interpretation. Although it has particular importance for the WFD by providing guidance on assessing hydromorphological quality, it has considerably wider scope for other applications. In addition, while recognizing the important influence of hydromorphology on plant and animal ecology, no attempt is made to provide guidance in this area, but where the biota have an important influence on hydromorphology these influences are included.NOTE A case study illustrating the application of this standard is given in Gurnell and Grabowski[1].