Väylävirasto

 

This document describes a method for determining the slip/skid resistance of a surface using a device which remains stationary at the test location. The slip/skid resistance is measured by means of a slider mounted at the end of a pendulum arm. The method provides a measure of the slip/skid resistance properties of a wetted surface either in the field or in the laboratory. This method measures the slip/skid resistance of a small area of a surface (approximately 0,01 m2). It is important to consider this when deciding its applicability to a surface which might have nonhomogeneous surface characteristics, e.g. containing ridges or grooves, or is rough textured (exceeding 1,5 mm mean texture depth).

 

This document specifies the measurement of displacements by means of geodetic instruments carried out for geotechnical monitoring. It refers to position measurements where a signal travels through air/the atmosphere between an instrument and a measuring point (target). General rules of performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground, of geotechnical fills and of geotechnical works are presented in ISO 18674-1:2015. This document is applicable to measurements carried out for monitoring purposes by means of: — tachymeter (manual or robotic ); — level; In informative annexes, this document also refers to principles of some techniques that are commonly used for the monitoring of displacements of topographic surfaces: — satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR); satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR); terrestrial radar interferometry ; — laser scanning; — GNSS. NOTE 1 This document fulfils the requirements for the performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground and of geotechnical works by the means of geodetic instruments as part of the geotechnical investigation and testing in accordance with References [1] and [2]. NOTE 2 A key element of any and all monitoring is the ability to reflect the reality of what one intends to measure. There is a wide discrepancy and disagreement between the terms used to call this ability, depending on the field of application and country of origin. ISO/IEC guide 99:2007 defines terms for measurements of one quantity values, whereas in monitoring we generally try to measure change between quantity over time. The terms approaching best our needs in ISO/IEC seems to be “Precision” and “Uncertainty”.

 

This Standard specifies the measurement of displacements by means of geodetic instruments carried out for geotechnical monitoring. It refers to position measurements where a signal travels through air/the atmosphere between an instrument and a measuring point (target). General rules of performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground, of geotechnical fills and of geotechnical works are presented in ISO 18674 1:2015. This document is applicable to measurements by means of: ? Tachymeter (manual or robotic) ? level In informative annexes, this document also refers to principles of some techniques that can be applied to the monitoring of displacements of topographic surfaces: ? satellite radar interferometry (INSAR); ? terrestrial radar interferometry; ? laser scanning; ? GNSS. NOTE : This document fulfils the requirements for the performance monitoring of the ground, of structures interacting with the ground and of geotechnical works by the means of geodetic instruments as part of the geotechnical investigation and testing