Metalliteollisuuden Standardisointiyhdistys

 

 

This document specifies failure mode areas that are applicable to any additive manufacturing (AM) process category. NOTE 1 Process categories are defined in ISO/ASTM 52900. It lists examples of state-of-the-art failure modes, which possibly lead to risks within AM parts and equipment. It provides informative examples of corresponding failure effects and mitigation actions. This document gives guidance to help part manufacturers in their risk management. This document maps risks of AM processes described in ISO/ASTM 52920. This document does not cover risks related to: — specific to environment, health and safety (EHS) issues; — application specific designs; — application specific usage of products; — part specific input and output parameters; and — specific AM systems and process types. NOTE 1 Guidance on AM process category specific failure modes will be addressed in other parts of ISO/ASTM 52954, including but not limited to PBF-LB/M, PBF-LB/P, MEX, MJT, BJT, and DED.

 

This document specifies requirements and recommendations to be followed prior to carrying out dimensional measurements on three-dimensional (3D) volumetric X-ray Computed Tomographic (XCT) data of additive manufacturing (AM) series production parts. It is applicable to cone beam XCT systems. However, these requirements and recommendations can be transposed to non-medical fan beam XCT systems, but they are limited to standard XCT trajectories (circular and helical) and standard reconstructions. The proposed methodology in this document is restricted to the qualification and validation of an XCT system prior to proceeding to dimensional measurements on specific AM series production parts and cannot be generalised to any application. This document provides a method to evaluate XCT dimensional measurement accuracy. However, it does not claim to provide a definitive method, given the complexity of an XCT process. For the same reason, it is addressed to qualified XCT operators with the support of metrology experts. This document is dedicated to AM series production parts and its aim is to provide a methodology for controlling the geometric specificities associated with AM (internal shapes, lattice structures). It is applicable on parts that are fabricated by any type of AM categories of processes and material provided the X-ray penetration lengths are sufficient to scan the test part.

 

This document defines the rules to be applied for symbolic representation of welded joints. This can include information about the geometry, manufacture, quality and testing of the welds. The symbols are intended to enable standardized representation of the welds to be made, For the purposes of this document, drawings can be on paper or generated using electronic means e.g. CAD systems. It is recognized that there are two different approaches in the global market to designate the arrow side and other side. In this document: — clauses, tables and figures which carry the suffix "system A" are applicable only to the symbolic representation system based on a dual reference line; — clauses, tables and figures which carry the suffix "system B" are applicable only to the symbolic representation system based on a single reference line; — clauses, tables and figures which do not have the suffix "system A" or "system B" are applicable to both systems. The symbols shown in this document can be combined with other symbols, for example to show surface finish requirements. An alternative designation method is presented which can be used to represent welded joints by specifying essential design information such as weld dimensions, quality level, etc. The joint preparation and welding process(es) are then determined by the production unit in order to meet the specified requirements. The principles of this document can also be applied to soldered and brazed joints. NOTE Examples given in this document, including dimensions, are illustrative only and are intended to demonstrate the proper application of principles.

 

This document specifies a method for the determination of subcritical crack growth parameters of advanced monolithic technical ceramics in the temperature range 15 °C to 30 °C by measuring the dependence of mean flexural strength on the rate of loading. The method is based on strength test procedures described in EN 843 1. The applicability of this method is limited by specific requirements for a low scatter of the initial strength of the test pieces and an upper limit of the stress load rate for the data points considered. This document is not applicable to test pieces with artificially introduced flaws or cracks.

 

This document specifies requirements against all significant hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events relevant to booths for the application of coating material, when they are used as intended, including reasonably foreseeable misuse. See Annex A for significant hazards. This document also specifies recommendations for minimizing environmental impact of booths for the application of coating material. See Annex F for recommendations for minimizing environmental impact and energy usage. Interfaces between booths and other machinery used in application of coating material are given in Figure 1. The specific significant risks related to the use of this machinery with foodstuff and pharmaceutical products are not dealt with in this document. The specific significant risks related to drying operation of combined booths for application and drying of coating material are not dealt with in this document, but in EN 1539:2015. [Figure 1] This document is not applicable to: - spaces for application of coating material consisting only of an extraction wall; - platforms attached to booths (e.g. for touch-up jobs); - booths for application of flock (see EN 50223:2015); - airflow requirements for booths with airflow from horizontal inlet to vertical extraction. This document is not applicable to machinery manufactured before the date of its publication as European Standard.

 

This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for open die forgings, forged bars and products pre-forged and finished in ring rolling mills, manufactured from non-alloy quality and special steels and supplied in the normalized, normalized and tempered, quenched and tempered or annealed condition. The majority of steels listed in this document, with properties in the quenched and tempered condition up to 160 mm thickness, are identical to steels specified in EN ISO 683-1 and EN ISO 683-2 and more extensive information on hardenability and technological properties is given in these standards. General information on technical delivery conditions is given in EN 10021.

 

The document provides: — guidelines for determining the thermal effects to consider on fire barriers inside a given room; — guidelines for determining the global performance of the fire barriers based on standard test characterization; — guidelines for assessing the need for additional tests to verify the robustness of the solution. Requirements of applicable standards, numerical tools validation and verification (V&V), and the expected qualification of fire resistance laboratories are detailed. The limitations of the method’s applicability and scope are discussed. The purpose and justification of this document is to specify a method for the verification of the performance of fire barriers, which is initially based on a standardized fire resistance test.

 

This document specifies a test method for low temperature mechanical properties of electrical insulation materials of superconducting magnets made from cable-in-conduit with stainless steel jacket for application. The important superconducting magnets mainly include magnetic confinement fusion experimental devices and other magnet confinement fusion devices. The main insulation materials include glass fibres, polyimide films and resin systems. The main mechanical properties include tensile strength, shear strength, compression shear stress, push-out strength and the strength after fatigue.

 

This document specifies fundamental parameters of computed radiography (CR) systems with the aim of enabling satisfactory and repeatable results to be obtained economically. The techniques are based both on fundamental theory and test measurements. This document specifies the performance of CR systems and the measurement of the corresponding parameters for the system scanner and storage phosphor imaging plate (IP). CR system classes are defined in combination with specified metal screens for industrial radiography. This document ensures that the quality of the images, as far as they are influenced by the scanner IP system, complies with the requirements of ISO 16371-2. This document considers the requirements for film radiography specified in ISO 11699-1. This document specifies system tests at different levels. More complex manufacturer tests are described, which allow the determination of precise system parameters to characterize the performance of CR systems from different suppliers and make them comparable for users. Simpler tests are also described, which are designed for fast tests of the quality of CR systems and long-term stability monitoring by the user.

 

This document specifies the principle, method, condition, preparation, procedure, data analysis and report of sea trial for net energy-savings efficiency of air lubrication device. It is applicable to the sea trial for Net energy-saving efficiency of air lubrication device.

 

This document gives the definitions of the major technical terms and expressions used to describe an automatic steam trap as far as dimension, pressure, temperature and flow rate are concerned, as well as their corresponding symbols and units.

 

This document specifies a classification of the main types of automatic steam traps according to the mode of actuation of their obturation device and disregarding their details of conception and construction.

 

This document specifies the technical requirements, the appropriate dimensions and the requirements for the testing of swivel castors for hospital beds with a wheel diameter of 100 mm or more and which have a central locking device.

 

This document establishes the organizational, design, construction, operational, and quality-assurance requirements applicable to heterogeneous, thermal-spectrum research reactors with power levels up to several tens of megawatts. It defines the minimum expectations for management structure, project governance, safety culture, quality assurance, documentation control, and lifecycle oversight necessary to ensure safe, compliant, and effective reactor operation. The document applies to new research reactors and, where practicable, to existing or legacy reactors using a graded approach consistent with IAEA SSR-3[6] and IAEA SSG-22.[10] It addresses administrative and operational controls, procurement and inspection processes, training and qualification, radiation protection, and change management throughout the reactor lifecycle, including modifications and decommissioning. This document does not prescribe detailed technical design specifications; rather, it provides the framework within which such specifications are developed, reviewed, and controlled. Additional guidance may be required for reactors exceeding the stated power range or for specialized reactor types such as fast-spectrum systems or facilities incorporating advanced experimental features.

 

This document specifies safety requirements and the means for their verification for driverless industrial trucks (hereafter referred as trucks) and their systems. NOTE 1 Examples of industrial trucks can be found in ISO 5053-1:2020 For the purpose of this document, driverless industrial trucks are: — powered mobile machines; — having at least three wheels; — operating in an industrial environment; — designed to carry, tow, push, lift, tier in a rack, or stack a load (load handling); — controlled by automation, independent of their level of autonomy and; — which remain stable in the absence of power. NOTE 2 Level of autonomy is to be understood as type of navigation. This document is also applicable to trucks which are provided with one or more of the following: — automatic modes which either require operators’ actions to initiate or enable such automatic operations; — the capability to transport one or more riders (which are not considered as drivers); — additional modes which allow operators to operate the truck manually; — maintenance modes which allow manual operation of truck functions for maintenance reasons. This document is applicable where trucks operate in an area of application where people have specific training, instruction or awareness. This document is applicable to all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events during all phases of the lifecycle (ISO 12100:2010, 5.4), as listed in Annex B, relevant to the applicable machines when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable. This document is not applicable to the following: — solely mechanically guided trucks; — trucks that are solely remotely controlled by an operator (see ISO/DIS 3691-1:2025). This document does not cover significant hazards related to: — protection against corruption; — special requirements for guards / adjustable guards restricting access; — noise; — vibrations; — ionising and non-ionising radiation; — laser radiation; — cleaning of internal parts; — sales literature (commercial documents); — supervisory function; — declaration of vibrations transmitted by mobile machinery; — self-evolving behaviour or logic (e.g, artificial intelligence). It does not address the hazards that can occur: — during operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer applications, strong magnetic fields); — during operation in nuclear environments; — during operation on a public road; — during operation in potentially explosive environments; — during operation in military applications; — during operation with specific hygienic requirements; — during operation in ionizing radiation environments; — during the transportation of (a) person(s) other than (the) intended rider(s); — when handling loads the nature of which can lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metals, acids/bases, radiating materials); — for rider positions with an elevation function higher than 1 200 mm from the floor/ground to the platform floor. This document does not contain safety requirements for trucks intended to operate in public zones or spaces accessible to any persons without specific training, instruction or awareness. This document does not contain safety requirements for trailer(s) being towed behind a truck. This document does not contain specific safety requirements for elevated operator trucks. This document does not apply to trucks manufactured before the date of its publication. This document does not take into consideration domestic animals as they are not expected to be present in industrial environments.

 

This document specifies fundamental parameters of computed radiography (CR) systems with the aim of enabling satisfactory and repeatable results to be obtained economically. The techniques are based both on fundamental theory and test measurements. This document specifies the performance of CR systems and the measurement of the corresponding parameters for the system scanner and storage phosphor imaging plate (IP). CR system classes are defined in combination with specified metal screens for industrial radiography. This document ensures that the quality of the images, as far as they are influenced by the scanner IP system, complies with the requirements of ISO 16371-2. This document considers the requirements for film radiography specified in ISO 11699-1. This document specifies system tests at different levels. More complex manufacturer tests are described, which allow the determination of precise system parameters to characterize the performance of  CR systems from different suppliers and make them comparable for users. Simpler tests are also described, which are designed for fast tests of the quality of CR systems and long-term stability monitoring by the user.

 

This document specifies safety requirements and the means for their verification for driverless industrial trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks) and their systems. Examples of driverless industrial trucks (trucks as defined in ISO 5053-1:2020) include: “automated guided vehicle”, “autonomous mobile robot”, “bots”, “automated guided cart”, “tunnel tugger”, “under cart”, etc. This document is also applicable to driverless industrial trucks which are provided with: —    automatic modes which either require operators’ action(s) to initiate or enable such automatic operations; —    the capability to transport one or more riders (which are neither considered as drivers nor as operators); —    additional manual modes which allow operators to operate the truck manually; or —    a maintenance mode which allows manual operation of truck functions for maintenance reasons. This document is not applicable to trucks solely guided by mechanical means (rails, guides, etc.) or to remotely-controlled trucks, which are not considered to be driverless trucks. For the purposes of this document, a driverless industrial truck is a powered truck, which is designed to operate automatically. A driverless truck system comprises the control system, which can be part of the truck and/or separate from it, guidance means and power system. Requirements for power sources are not covered in this document. The condition of the operating zone has a significant effect on the safe operation of the driverless industrial truck. The preparations of the operating zone to eliminate the associated hazards are specified in Annex A. This document is applicable to all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events during all phases of the life of the truck (ISO 12100:2010, 5.4), as listed in Annex B, relevant to the applicable machines when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. In particular, this document does not apply to significant hazards related to: —    noise; —    vibrations; —    ionising and non-ionising radiation; —    laser radiation; —    sales literature (commercial documents); —    declaration of vibrations transmitted by mobile machinery. It does not apply to additional hazards that can occur: —    during operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer applications, strong magnetic fields); —    during operation in nuclear environments; —    from trucks intended to operate in public zones (see in particular ISO 13482:2014); —    during operation on a public road; —    during operation in potentially explosive environments; —    during operation in military applications; —    during operation with specific hygienic requirements; —    during operation in ionizing radiation environments; —    during the transportation of (a) person(s) other than (the) intended rider(s); —    when handling loads the nature of which can lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metals, acids/bases, radiating materials); —    for rider positions with elevation function higher than 1 200 mm from the floor/ground to the platform floor. This document does not contain safety requirements for trailer(s) being towed behind a truck. This document does not contain safety requirements for elevated operator trucks. This document does not apply to trucks manufactured before the date of its publication.

 

This document is applicable for karts that are not intended to be used on public roads. This document applies to: - leisure karts only; - karts propelled by a combustion engine, including LPG combustion engines; - karts propelled by an electric powertrain where the working voltage is below 30 V AC rms and 60 V DC. The traction battery is a Li-ion battery or a lead acid battery; - karts used on indoor and outdoor tracks, permanent or temporary; - karts used on supervised tracks designed for leisure karting, with a sealed ground (such as asphalt, concrete, ice or snow). This document does not apply to: - karts used for competition organized by and under the responsibility of the CIK-FIA and/or ASN, ensuring through the granting of licenses by an ASN or one of its affiliated members as defined in the International Sporting code, compliance with the safety, sporting, disciplinary and technical rules of the CIAK-FIA and/ or ASN; - karts designed exclusively for competition and toys; - cross country karts; - karts with two or more seats; - karts used on tracks not mentioned above (such as mud, earth); - karts used in amusement parks (refer to EN 13814-1:2019+A1:2024 [1] for these installations). The requirements related to the hazards of swappable battery propulsion systems are not covered in this document. The requirements related to whole-body vibration are not covered in this document. This document specifies appropriate measures to eliminate or reduce the risks arising from significant hazards, hazardous situations and events (see Clause 6) during operation and maintenance of the karts, when carried out as intended by the manufacturer. Safety in karting activities is dependent on a correct interaction between leisure karts and the track equipment and facilities. General recommendations for tracks to be used for leisure karting are included in this part of the standard. This document is not applicable to karts that are manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN. NOTE Specific requirements for tracks design and operation will be included in a future Part 2 of this standard.

 

ISO 25178-70:2014 specifies the characteristics of material measures used for the periodic verification and adjustment of areal surface texture measurement instruments.