Metalliteollisuuden Standardisointiyhdistys

 

(1) This document provides rules for structural design of towers, masts and chimney structures, that fall into any of the following classifications, with the exceptions given in (3), (4) and (5). (2) This document is applicable to: a) self-supporting towers and guyed masts with or without attachments. The shafts of towers and masts can be of lattice type or of circular or polygonal cross-section. b) chimney structures of circular cross-section that are cantilevered, supported at intermediate levels or guyed. NOTE 1 The structures are mainly exposed to wind loading. NOTE 2 For overhead transmission line towers see also the EN 50341 series. (3) This document does not apply to: a) polygonal and circular lighting columns covered by the EN 40 series; NOTE The EN 40 series specifies the requirements and dimensions for lighting columns and it applies to post top columns not exceeding 20 m height and to post top lanterns and columns with brackets not exceeding 18 m height for side entry lanterns. b) wind turbine towers (see the EN 61400 series) c) overhead line towers covered by the EN 50341 series. (4) This document does not cover special provisions for seismic design, which are given in the EN 1998 series. (5) Special measures that might be necessary to limit the consequences of accidents are not covered in this document. For resistance to fire, see EN 1993-1-2. (6) Provisions for the guys of guyed structures are given in EN 1993-1-11 and supplemented in this document. (7) For provisions concerning aspects such as chemical attack, thermo-dynamical performance or thermal insulation of chimneys see EN 13084 1. For the design of liners see EN 13084-6. NOTE 1 Foundations are covered in the EN 1997 series. See also EN 13084-1. NOTE 2 Wind loads and procedures for the wind response of structures are specified in EN 1991-1-4. Assumptions (1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (relevant parts) and EN 1993-1 (relevant parts) apply. (2) The design methods given in this document are applicable if - the execution quality is as specified in Annex E and EN 1090-2 and for the execution of chimneys, also in EN 13084-6, and - the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series or, for materials other than steel, in the relevant material and product specifications. NOTE Execution is covered in this document to the extent that is necessary to indicate the quality of the construction materials and products and the standard of workmanship on site needed to comply with the assumptions of the design rules.

 

1.1 Scope of EN 1993-4-2 (1) EN 1993-4-2 provides rules for structural design of vertical cylindrical, conical and pedestal above-ground steel tanks for the storage of liquid and liquified gas products. (2) EN 1993-4-2 is applicable to the design for resistance of cylindrical walls and flat bottoms constructed using unstiffened plates. The design of conical and dome roofs as shell structures (unsupported) or as supported on a structural framework (supported) are also covered. (3) EN 1993-4-2 is only applicable to the requirements for resistance and structural stability of steel tanks. (4) EN 1993-4-2 only covers steel tank structures in Tank Groups 1, 2 and 3, as defined in this document. NOTE Tank Group 4 is not defined in this standard (see 3.1.41). (5) This document is applicable to tanks within the following dimensional limits (see EN 1991-4): Tank aspect ratio hS/d < 10 Tank total height hS < 70 m Tank diameter d < 100 m (6) This standard includes suitable rules for the design of tanks intended to store solids suspended in a liquid, where the appropriate global density of the mixture is used. NOTE Tanks used for the separation of mineral particles of different density fall into this category. (7) EN 1993-4-2 does not apply to the following: a) tanks with gross capacity less than 5 m3 (5 000 l); b) dished-end tanks that have a diameter less than 5 m; c) tanks with characteristic internal pressures above the liquid surface greater than 50 kPa (500 mbar) (see pressure equipment directive); d) design metal temperatures outside the ranges defined in Clause 5, with -50 °C being the lowest temperature for the application of this document; e) tanks of rectangular and other non-circular planforms; f) tanks exposed to fire; g) floating roofs and floating covers; h) ancillary structures such as stairways, platforms, nozzles, piping and access doors. (8) This document does not cover a) the special requirements for seismic design of tanks, b) the design of a supporting structure, c) the design of ancillary structures such as stairways, platforms, pipe racks and ladders, d) the design of an aluminium roof structure on a steel tank, e) reinforced concrete foundations for steel tanks, f) the design of a conical hopper, g) the design of a transition junction between the base of a cylindrical shell wall and a conical hopper, h) the design of a supporting ring girder in an elevated tank. 1.2 Assumptions (1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, the EN 1991 series and the EN 1993-1 series apply. (2) The design methods given in this document apply if: - the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2, and - the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series, or in the relevant material and product specifications. (3) This standard applies to axisymmetric structures, but includes the effects of unsymmetrical actions (e.g. wind), and unsymmetrically supported tanks (e.g. on discrete supports). (4) EN 1993-4-2 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, with EN 1991-4, with the other Parts of EN 1991, with EN 1993-1-6 and EN 1993-4-1, with the other Parts of EN 1993, with EN 1992 and with the other Parts of EN 1994 to EN 1999 relevant to the design of tanks. Matters that are already covered in those documents are not repeated. (5) Numerical values for partial factors and other reliability parameters are recommended as basic values that provide an acceptable level of reliability. They have been selected assuming that an appropriate level of workmanship and quality management applies.

 

1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-6 (1) EN 1993-6 provides rules for structural design of crane supporting structures. (2) EN 1993-6 is applicable to crane supporting structures, especially to indoor and outdoor overhead crane runway beams, of: a) overhead travelling cranes, either: - top-mounted cranes; - underslung cranes; b) monorail hoist blocks. NOTE The principles of the design rules can be applied to supporting structures of other types of cranes making due allowance for differences in the crane-induced actions, if exist. For example, the design rules for supporting structures of the cranes listed in (2) assume that the horizontal crane loads occur randomly scattered along the runways in general. This assumption does not apply to other cranes such as travelling wall jib cranes. (3) EN 1993-6 does not apply to the tracks and suspensions of light crane systems conforming with EN 16851, see Figure 1.1. NOTE The standardized tracks and suspensions of light crane systems are considered as parts of the crane. Figure 1.1 - Light crane system (4) Additional rules are given for ancillary runway items including crane rails, structural end stops, surge connectors and surge girders and for runway supporting structures. (5) EN 1993 6 does not apply to cranes and all other moving parts. NOTE Provisions for cranes are given in EN 13001 series. 1.2 Assumptions (1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 and the EN 1993-1 series apply. (2) The design methods given in EN 1993-6 are applicable if - the execution quality and tolerances are as specified in EN 1090-2, and; - the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993, or in the relevant material and product specifications. (3) Following interfaces between hoisting device and its supporting structure are assumed: a) the top of crane rail for top-mounted cranes; b) the top of flange on which the crane or hoist block operates for underslung cranes and monorail hoist blocks; c) the support points as shown in Figure 1.1 for light crane systems.

 

1.1 Scope of EN 1993 4 1 (1) prEN 1993 4 1 provides rules for the structural design of steel silos of circular or rectangular plan-form, being free-standing (on ground) or supported on a structural framework (elevated). (2) prEN 1993 4 1 is applicable to silos constructed from isotropic rolled plates that are stiffened or unstiffened, from corrugated sheeting that is stiffened or unstiffened and from flat or corrugated plates assembled into box structures of different geometries. It applies to vertical walls, hoppers, roof structures, transition junctions and support structures. (3) prEN 1993 4 1 does not apply to storage vessels for silage and haylage, or to the storage of materials that are not free-flowing (see EN 1991 4). This Part 4-1 also does not cover: - resistance to fire; - cylindrical silos with internal subdivisions; - internal structures within a single silo (except for internal ties, as defined in 12.5); - silos with capacity less than 100 kN (10 tonnes); - hoppers that are supported on a structural framework; - cases where special measures are necessary to limit the consequences of accidents. (4) This document is applicable to silos within the following dimensional limits (see EN 1991-4): - Silo aspect ratio hb/dc < 10 - Silo total height hb < 70 m - Silo equivalent diameter dc < 60 m NOTE These dimensional limitations are more limited than those of EN 1991-4 which also applies to silos constructed from other materials. (5) Where this standard applies to circular planform silos, the geometric form is restricted to axisymmetric structures, but unsymmetrical actions on them and supports that induce forces in the silo structure that are not axisymmetric are included. (6) This part is concerned only with the requirements for resistance and stability of steel silos. For other requirements (such as operational safety, functional performance, fabrication and erection, quality control, details like man-holes, flanges, filling devices, outlet gates and feeders, etc.), see other relevant standards and information. (7) This part is concerned with both isolated silo structures and silos that are connected to others to form a battery of silos, but throughout this document the term silo refers to a single cell within a battery. (8) Provisions relating to special requirements of seismic design are provided in EN 1998 4, which complements or adapts the provisions of Eurocode 3 specifically for this purpose. (9) The structural design of supporting structures for the silo are dealt with in EN 1993 1 1. The supporting structure is deemed to consist of all structural elements beneath the bottom flange of the lowest ring of the silo (see Figure 1.1), though information on some forms of support structure is given in Clause 8 of this document. (10) Foundations in reinforced concrete for steel silos are dealt with in EN 1992 (all parts) and EN 1997 (all parts). 1.2 Assumptions (1) Unless specifically stated, the provisions of EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993 1 (all parts) apply. (2) The design methods given in EN 1993 4 1 are applicable if: - the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090 2, and - the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications. Figure 1.1 - Terminology used in silo structures ...

 

(1) EN 1993-2 provides a general basis for the structural design of steel bridges and steel parts of composite bridges. It gives provisions that supplement, modify or supersede the equivalent provisions given in the various parts of EN 1993-1. (2) The design criteria for composite bridges are covered in EN 1994-2. (3) The design of high strength cables and related parts are included in EN 1993-1-11. (4) This European Standard is concerned only with the resistance, serviceability and durability of bridge structures. Other aspects of design are not considered. (5) For the execution of steel bridge structures, EN 1090 should be taken into account. NOTE: As long as EN 1090 is not yet available a provisional guidance is given in Annex C. (6) Execution is covered to the extent that is necessary to indicate the quality of the construction materials and products that should be used and the standard of workmanship needed to comply with the assumptions of the design rules. (7) Special requirements of seismic design are not covered. Reference should be made to the requirements given in EN 1998, which complements and modifies the rules of EN 1993-2 specifically for this purpose.

 

1.1 Scope of EN 1993-1-11 (1) EN 1993-1-11 provides rules for structural design of tension components made of steel, in addition to other parts of EN 1993, for use in structures made of steel or other materials such as concrete, steel-concrete composite and timber. (2) EN 1993-1-11 covers the resistance, serviceability and durability of steel tension elements. (3) The following items/aspects are outside the scope of EN 1993-1-11: - pre- or post-tensioned systems in accordance with EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-2; - reinforcing steel as part of a concrete structure in accordance with EN 1992-1-1; - tension components in piling; - detailed design of terminations. 1.2 Assumptions (1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 and the EN 1993-1 series apply. (2) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-11 are applicable if: - execution quality is according to EN 1090-2; and - the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series, or in the relevant material and product specifications. (3) EN 1993-1-11 is used in conjunction with ENs, EADs and ETAs for tension components.

 

This document specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from significant hazards during setting, operation, troubleshooting, and maintenance of an IS machine as a glass forming machine. This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations, or hazardous events, except for commissioning, installation, dismantling, and disposal, when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It applies to the design and construction of IS machines, including the gob distributor and machine conveyor. This document does not deal with gob feeders (see EN 13042 1:2007+A1:2009) and handling machines for feeding (see EN 13042 2:2004+A1:2009) which are self standing machines used for the delivery of portions of melted glass to hollow glass forming machines like glass presses (see EN 13042 5:2003+A1:2009). This document is not applicable to the machinery or machinery components manufactured before the date of its publication.

 

This document provides guidance for those who calibrate protection-level dosemeters and doserate meters for area and individual monitoring with reference neutron radiation fields. This includes the determination of the response as a function of neutron energy and angle of incidence. The operational quantities recommended in ICRU Report 51 are considered. In addition to the description of procedures, this document includes appropriate definitions and conversion coefficients and provides guidance on the statement of measurement uncertainties.

 

This document provides guidance for — the sampling process of the aerosol particles in the air using filter media. This document takes into account the specific behaviour of aerosol particles in ambient air. — Two methods for sampling procedures with subsequent or simultaneous measurement: — the determination of the activity concentration of radionuclides bound to aerosol particles in the air knowing the activity deposited in the filter; — the operating use of continuous air monitoring devices used for real time measurement. This document describes the test method to determine activity concentrations of radionuclides bound to aerosol particles after air sampling passing through a filter media designed to trap aerosol particles. The method can be used for any type of environmental study or monitoring. This document does not cover the details of measurement test techniques (gamma spectroscopy, global alpha and beta counting, liquid scintillation, alpha spectrometry) used to determine the activity deposited in the media filter, which are either based on existing standards or internal methods developed by the laboratory in charge of those measurements. Also, this document does not cover the variability of the aerosol particle sizes as given by the composition of the dust contained in ambient air. This document does not address to sampling of radionuclides bound to aerosol particles in the effluent air of nuclear facilities [see ISO 2889:2021].

 

This document specifies general requirements for proficiency tests that are offered to in vivo bioassay measurement facilities operating a whole-body counter (WBC) or partial body counter (PBC) for monitoring of persons. This document covers proficiency tests that involve only the quantification of radionuclides and tests that require the identification of radionuclides and their activity. This document does not define specific requirements on administrative aspects of proficiency testing, such as shipping and finance, that may be the subject of national or international regulation.

 

This document describes a test method to determine the activity concentration of atmospheric tritium by trapping tritium in air by bubbling through a water solution. The formulae are given for a sampling system with four bubblers. They can also be applied to trapping systems with only one trapping module consisting of two bubblers if only tritiated water vapour (HTO) is in the atmosphere to be sampled. This document does not cover laboratory test sample results, in becquerel per litre of trapping solution, according to ISO 9698 or ISO 13168. The test method detection limit result is between 0,2 Bq·m-3 and 0,5 Bq·m-3 when the sampling duration is about one week.

 

This document specifies the general requirements, based on ISO 11074 and ISO/IEC 17025, for all steps in the planning (desk study and area reconnaissance) of the sampling and the preparation of samples for testing. It includes the selection of the sampling strategy, the outline of the sampling plan, the presentation of general sampling methods and equipment, as well as the methodology of the pre-treatment of samples adapted to the measurements of the activity of radionuclides in soil including granular materials of mineral origin which contain NORM or artificial radionuclides, such as sludge, sediment, construction debris, solid waste of different type and materials from technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (mining, coal combustion, phosphate fertilizer production etc.).

 

This document applies to the testing of the decontamination of textiles, which are contaminated by radioactive materials. The test method describes the technique to assess the efficiency of decontamination agents (see ISO 7503-1 and ISO 7503-3). This document applies to the testing of detergents, which may be used in aqueous solutions for the purpose of cleaning radioactively contaminated textiles. The radionuclides used in this test are those commonly found in the nuclear industry (60Co and 137Cs or 134Cs) in aqueous form. The test can also be adapted for use with other radionuclides and other chemical forms, depending on the customer requirements, if the solutions are chemically stable and do not damage the test specimen. The test method is not suitable if the radionuclide emits low energy gamma rays, like 55Fe, or low energy beta or alpha particles that are readily attenuated in the textile fabrics, or if the nuclide has a chemical or isotopic interaction with the detergent used in the method (e.g. tritium which could be in several chemical forms). The test method does not apply to the testing of the ability of detergents to remove non-radioactive dirt.

 

This document specifies design criteria for closed water-based cooling systems in buildings. The requirements aim at achieving a proper technical quality level and maintaining the desired thermal indoor climate with minimum energy consumption. Systems for dissipating process heat from industrial processes, for example, are not covered by this document. This document does not amend product standards or product installation requirements. The document covers cooling systems of the following type (see Figure 1): 1) devices for the water-based heat rejection of the chilling system; 2) devices for chilling and storage of chilled water; 3) devices for the distribution of chilled water; 4) devices for the absorption of heat (“cooling emission”); 5) control devices; 6) safety devices. Figure 1 - Schematic example of a water-based cooling system The design of such systems is described in this document. Additional safety aspects for water-based cooling systems with local operating temperatures = 0 °C are not covered by this document. The other clauses of this document are still valid for systems with local operating temperatures = 0 °C. This document does not cover the chilling system itself, but only the parts of the chilling system which are an integral part of the cooling system, including determination of the design performance. Furthermore, this document does not cover: - the requirements for installation or instructions for operation, maintenance and use; - the design of the system components (e.g. recooler, chilling system, coolers, pipes, safety devices etc.).

 

This International Standard specifies performance tolerances and the technical data presentation of fans of all types. It does not apply for fans designed solely for low-volume air circulation, such as those used for household or similar purposes (ceiling and table fans, extractor fans, etc.). For jet fans refer to ISO 13350. The upper limit of fan work per unit mass is normally 25 kJ/kg, corresponding to an increase of fan pressure of approximately 30 kPa for a mean density in the fan of 1,2 kg/m3. For higher values, agreement is to be reached between the supplier and the user. This International Standard embraces the five installation categories defined in ISO 5801: The performance of a fan can vary considerably with the installation category it is operating within. Therefore, these categories form an important part of the definition of the fan’s technical data presentation. The efficiency scaling procedures described in section 7.1.5 apply to centrifugal fans and axial fans within the specific speed ranges shown in Table 4. So far there is no experimental data to confirm how they should apply to mixed flow fans, having specific speeds in between.

 

This document specifies the fundamental deviations and limits of sizes for the pitch and major diameters of the hot dip galvanized metric external threads (M) conforming to ISO 262 (M6 to M68 with the coarse pitches and M72 to M100 with pitch 6) having basic and design profiles in accordance with ISO 68-1. This document is applicable to the hot dip galvanized metric external threads undersized to tolerance class 6az before galvanizing to mate with the internal threads made to tolerance position H or G after galvanizing.

 

This document specifies test methods for the use of an integrating sphere to measure the optical properties of ceramic phosphor powders, which are used in white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and emit visible light when excited by UV or blue light. It specifies an absolute method to measure internal quantum efficiency and a substitution method to measure external quantum efficiency and absorptance. The substitution method uses reference materials whose external quantum efficiency and absorptance have been obtained in accordance with ISO 23946.

 

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