Toimialayhteisöt
Toimialayhteisö:
Palvelualojen työnantajat PALTA
Komitea: CEN/TC 215
(Respiratory and anaesthetic equipment)
Alkuperä: CEN
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-08
ISO 7396-1:2016 specifies requirements for design, installation, function, performance, testing, commissioning and documentation of pipeline systems used in healthcare facilities for the following:
- oxygen;
- nitrous oxide;
- medical air;
- carbon dioxide;
- oxygen/nitrous oxide mixtures (see Note 1);
- helium/oxygen mixtures;
- (*) oxygen 93;
- gases and gas mixtures classified as medical device, gases delivered to medical devices or intended for medical purposes or gases and gas mixtures for medicinal use not specified above;
- air for driving surgical tools;
- nitrogen for driving surgical tools;
- vacuum.
NOTE 1 Regional or national regulations may prohibit the distribution of oxygen/nitrous oxide mixtures in medical gas pipeline systems.
NOTE 2 Anaesthetic gas scavenging disposal systems are covered in ISO 7396-2.
This part of ISO 7396 includes requirements for supply systems, pipeline distribution systems, control systems, monitoring and alarm systems and non-interchangeability between components of different gas/vacuum systems.
This part of ISO 7396 specifies safety requirements for pipeline systems used in healthcare facilities, both public and private. It applies to all facilities providing healthcare services regardless of type, size, location or range of services, including, but not limited to:
a) acute care healthcare facilities;
b) internal patient continuing care healthcare facilities;
c) long-term care facilities;
d) community-based providers;
e) ambulatory and external patient care clinics (e.g. day surgery, endoscopy clinics and doctors' offices).
NOTE 3 This part of ISO 7396 may also be used as reference for pipeline systems for medical gases and vacuum intended to be installed in places other than healthcare facilities.
ISO 7396-1:2016 applies to the following different types of oxygen supply systems:
- supply systems in which all sources of supply deliver oxygen; in this case the concentration of the oxygen will be greater than 99%;
- supply systems in which all sources of supply deliver oxygen 93; in this case the concentration of the oxygen may vary between 90% and 96%;
NOTE 4 A mixture of oxygen 93 and oxygen may be delivered by a medical gas supply system. In this case the concentration of the gas can vary between 90% and >99%.
ISO 7396-1:2016 also applies to:
- extensions of existing pipeline distribution systems;
- modifications of existing pipeline distribution systems;
- modifications or replacement of supply systems or sources of supply.
Oxygen concentrators for domiciliary use are excluded from the scope of this part of ISO 7396.
NOTE 5 Requirements for oxygen concentrators for domiciliary use are specified in ISO 80601-2-69.
(*) EN 14931 defines additional requirements for hyperbaric application, in particular for flows and pressures of compressed air required to pressurize the hyperbaric chamber and to drive other connected services. Also included are requirements for oxygen and other treatment gases administered to patients.
ISO 7396-1:2016 does not apply to vacuum systems intended to be used in dentistry.
ISO 7396-1:2016 does not apply to filling systems for transportable cylinders and transportable cylinder bundle systems.
This document provides technical specifications on categories, operations, safety management and risk analysis of the use of proximity pyrotechnic articles.
This document provides technical reference on the technologies of close proximity pyrotechnic articles.
This document aims to provide technical guidance for the protection of property, operators, performers, auxiliary personnel, and audience safety when using pyrotechnic articles effects at close range indoors or outdoors, and to provide technical reference for proximity pyrotechnic article shows.
This document applies to the use of proximity pyrotechnic articles in front of the nearest audience, performers, or supporting personnel for performing arts in conjunction with drama, music, or similar works.
This document applies to the performance specifications, usage instructions, notifications, and labelling of manufacturers of pyrotechnic materials, instruments, equipment, and supplies.
This document applies to any indoor use of proximity pyrotechnic articles.
Toimialayhteisö:
Metalliteollisuuden Standardisointiyhdistys
Komitea: ISO/TC 188
(Small craft)
Alkuperä: ISO
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-09
This document specifies technical requirements and test methods for windows, portlights, hatches, deadlights and doors on small craft . It takes into account the type of craft, its design category, and the location of the appliance.
The appliances considered in this document are only those that are critical for the craft's watertightness.
Openings and non-opening devices fitted below area I (see 3.5.2) are excluded from the scope of this document.
Toimialayhteisö:
SFS Suomen Standardit
Komitea: ISO/TC 28
(Petroleum and related products, fuels and lubricants from natural or synthetic sources)
Alkuperä: ISO
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-09
This document specifies the principle, reagents and materials, apparatus, test procedure, calculation, precision statements, test result reporting, etc. for the determination of mineral oil content in triaryl phosphate ester turbine control fluids by saponification method.
This document is applicable to determination of mineral oil content in triaryl phosphate ester turbine control fluids. The precision of this method is established for mineral oil content from 0,02 mass% to 8 mass% in triaryl phosphate ester, which can be referenced for other content ranges.
Warning Some triaryl phosphate esters are labelled with GHS08 “Serious Health Hazards”. The user of triaryl phosphate esters shall study attentively the respective material safety datasheet and review the recommended precautions to be taken in link with the following hazard statements in the dedicated section of the datasheet: a)H360F May damage fertility. Wear protective gloves to avoid contact;b)H361D May damage the unborn child. This test is not recommended for pregnant individuals. If participation is unavoidable, adequate protective equipment is required to prevent any potential dermal contact;c)H351 Suspected of causing cancer. Use only in well-ventilated areas and wear appropriate respiratory and dermal protection;d)H341 Suspected of causing genetic defects. Wear complete protective equipment to avoid any physical contact.
Toimialayhteisö:
Metalliteollisuuden Standardisointiyhdistys
Komitea: ISO/TC 8/SC 2
(Marine environment protection)
Alkuperä: ISO
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-09
This document provides a method for addressing waste and cargo residues generated on inland navigation vessels when offloaded from the vessel, and how they are managed by the waste reception station (WRS). The provision, operation and use of WRSs are inherently linked, so this document addresses the design of WSRs, their operation, and management.
This document applies to the management of waste and cargo residues generated as part of the normal operation of inland vessels. It also covers principles and issues that are to be considered with WRS operations. This document does not apply to waste derived from the demolition of vessels, reconstruction waste or maintenance waste that is not generated during the normal operation of the vessel.
This document addresses the principles and issues considered in:
— The development of a waste management strategy,
— The design and operation of a WRS, and
— WRS management and accountability.
This document has been designed to be used by competent authorities, ports, terminals, WRS management and service providers, and WRSs of any type, size and category of waste received, for refining existing WRSs or designing new WRSs. It does not give specifics on the size or location of a WRS in each port, terminal, or waterway, but provides a list of principles to be considered and applied to any size or type of port or terminal (e.g. inland freight port, inland passenger port, marina, fishing port, container terminal, oil terminal, roll on/off terminal, locks, ferry terminal, bulk or general cargo terminal, ship repair or recycling facility, and offshore terminal). Ports that have entered regional arrangements for the provision of a WRS can also use this document.
Toimialayhteisö:
Metalliteollisuuden Standardisointiyhdistys
Komitea: ISO/TC 10
(Technical product documentation)
Alkuperä: ISO
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-09
This document specifies requirements for the preparation, revision and presentation of digital product definition data, hereafter referred to as datasets, to complement existing standards. It supports methods for the constitution of datasets ranging from 2D drawing-only to 3D model-only, and combinations in between. The structure of this document presents requirements common to the methods followed by clauses providing for any essential, differing requirements for each method. Additionally, its use in conjunction with computer-aided design (CAD) systems can assist in the progression towards improved modelling and annotation practices for CAD and engineering disciplines, as well as serving as a guideline for CAx software developers.
The actual definitions for the interpretation, in particular the ISO TPD and ISO GPS rules, are taken from the original definition standards, e.g. ISO 129-1 [2] and ISO 1101 [3]. The rules for iso:proj:64007ISO 129-1 and iso:proj:66777ISO 1101 apply throughout this standard unless otherwise specified.
When the term model is used in this document, it applies to both digital design models and annotated digital design models.
Toimialayhteisö:
SFS Suomen Standardit
Komitea: CEN/SS A07
(Translation and Interpretation services)
Alkuperä: CEN
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-10
Toimialayhteisö:
Metalliteollisuuden Standardisointiyhdistys
Komitea: CEN/TC 464
(Small Craft)
Alkuperä: CEN
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-10
This document specifies technical requirements and test methods for windows, portlights, hatches, deadlights and doors on small craft with a length of hull, LH, as defined in ISO 8666:2016, of up to 24 m. It takes into account the type of craft, its design category, and the location of the appliance.
The appliances considered in this document are only those that are critical for the craft's watertightness.
Openings and non-opening devices fitted below area I (see 3.5.2) are excluded from the scope of this document.
Toimialayhteisö:
SFS Suomen Standardit
Komitea: CEN/TC 251
(Health informatics)
Alkuperä: CEN
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-10
This document outlines a core dataset designed for a concise dental data exchange intended to support continuity and coordination of care. It provides a conceptual framework for a dental data for exchange that can serve as the basis for implementation models.
The content reflects an international perspective on organizing dental information for cross-border exchange. It offers guidance on the essential data elements that should be shared globally and proposes a standardized format for their representation.
The document focuses on defining the structure of the data to be exchanged (“the what”) without prescribing the specific methods or technologies used for transmission (“the how”). It does not include guidance on operational workflows such as data entry, collection, summarization, or integration. Nor does it address the competencies required to perform those tasks. Furthermore, it is not intended as an implementation guide and does not cover the underlying technical infrastructure or the use of particular coding systems, data formats, or terminologies.
Toimialayhteisö:
Metalliteollisuuden Standardisointiyhdistys
Komitea: CEN/TC 142
(Woodworking machines - Safety)
Alkuperä: CEN
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-10
This document specifies the safety requirements and measures for combined woodworking machines (defined in 3.1), capable of continuous production use, with manual loading and unloading of the workpiece and hereinafter referred to also as “machines”.
The machines are designed to cut solid wood and material with similar physical characteristics to wood (see ISO 19085-1:2021, 3.2).
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, listed in Annex A, relevant to the machines, when operated, adjusted and maintained as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer; reasonably foreseeable misuse has been considered too. Transport, assembly, dismantling, disabling and scrapping phases have also been taken into account.
This document applies to machines also equipped with the devices or additional working units listed in the Scopes of ISO 19085-5:2024, ISO 19085-6:2024, ISO 19085-7:2024 and ISO 19085-9:2024.
This document does not apply to:
a) machines incorporating a planing unit and a mortising device only;
NOTE Machines incorporating a planing unit and a mortising device only are dealt with in ISO 19085-7:2024.
b) combined machines incorporating a band saw unit;
c) machines with a mortising unit with a separate drive other than the planing unit drive;
d) machines intended for use in potentially explosive atmosphere;
e) machines manufactured before the publication of this document.
Toimialayhteisö:
Metalliteollisuuden Standardisointiyhdistys
Komitea: CEN/TC 142
(Woodworking machines - Safety)
Alkuperä: CEN
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-10
This document specifies the safety requirements and measures for single spindle vertical moulding machines (defined in 3.1), capable of continuous production use and hereinafter referred to also as “machines”.
The machines are designed to cut solid wood and material with similar physical characteristics to wood.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events as listed in Annex A, relevant to the machines when they are operated, adjusted and maintained as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer including reasonably foreseeable misuse. Transport, assembly, dismantling, disabling and scrapping phases have also been taken into account.
This document is also applicable to machines fitted with one or more of the following devices/additional working units, whose hazards have been dealt with:
a) device to adjust the arbor vertically;
b) device to tilt the arbor;
c) device to fit a manually operated tenoning sliding table;
d) glass bead saw unit;
e) adjustable table insert;
f) device for changing the direction of rotation of the spindle;
g) device for fixing shank mounted tools on the arbor;
h) interchangeable arbor;
i) quick tool/arbor change system;
j) demountable power feed unit;
k) support for the demountable power feed unit with power-driven adjustments.
This document does not apply to
— machines equipped with outboard bearings,
— machines equipped with powered movements of a front extension table and/or a tenoning sliding table.
This document is not applicable to machines intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres or to machines manufactured prior to the date of its publication.
Toimialayhteisö:
Metalliteollisuuden Standardisointiyhdistys
Komitea: CEN/TC 142
(Woodworking machines - Safety)
Alkuperä: CEN
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-10
This document specifies the safety requirements and measures for circular saw benches with or without sliding table or demountable power feed unit or both and capable of continuous production use, also known as “table saws” (in the USA), hereinafter referred to also as “machines”.
The machines are designed to cut solid wood and material with similar physical characteristics to wood (see ISO 19085-1:2021, 3.2).
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events as listed in Annex A relevant to the machines when operated, adjusted and maintained as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer; reasonably foreseeable misuse has been considered too. Transport, assembly, dismantling, disabling and scrapping phases have also been taken into account.
This document is also applicable to machines fitted with one or more of the following devices or working units, whose hazards have been dealt with:
— device for the main saw blade and scoring saw blade to be raised and lowered through the table;
— device to tilt the main saw blade and scoring saw blade for angled cutting;
— device for scoring;
— device for grooving with milling tool with a width not exceeding 20 mm in one pass;
— demountable power feed unit;
— additional manually operated sliding table;
— powered workpiece clamping device.
This document does not apply to:
a) machines intended for outdoor use on building sites;
NOTE Building site saws (contractor saws) are covered by the requirements of ISO 19085-10:2018.
b) handheld woodworking machines including any adaptation permitting their use in a different mode, i.e. bench mounting;
c) machines intended for use in a potentially explosive atmosphere;
d) machines manufactured prior to the publication of this document.
Toimialayhteisö:
Metalliteollisuuden Standardisointiyhdistys
Komitea: CEN/TC 142
(Woodworking machines - Safety)
Alkuperä: CEN
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-10
This document specifies the safety requirements and measures for
— surface planing machines, also called jointers,
— thickness planing machines, also called planers or single surface planers, and
— combined surface/thickness planing machines
with fixed cutter block position, with an integrated feed in thickness planing mode, with or without demountable power feed device in planing mode, with manual loading and/or unloading of the workpiece, and capable of continuous production use, altogether referred to as “machines”.
The machines are designed to cut solid wood and material with similar physical characteristics to wood (see ISO 19085-1:2021, 3.2).
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events as listed in Annex A relevant to the machines when operated, adjusted and maintained as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer. Reasonably foreseeable misuse has been considered too. Transport, assembly, dismantling, disabling and scrapping phases have also been taken into account.
This document is also applicable to surface planing machines and combined surface/thickness planing machines fitted with an optional mortising device, whose hazards have been dealt with.
This document does not apply to:
a) machines with more than one cutter block;
b) machines with a mortising unit driven by a separate motor;
c) machines where the cutter block is adjustable for depth of cut setting in thickness planing mode;
d) machines where the conversion from planing to thickness planing mode or vice versa is achieved by mounting or demounting parts/units;
e) machines where surface planing and thickness planing can be performed at the same time;
f) machines intended for use in potentially explosive atmosphere;
g) machines manufactured prior to the publication of this document.
Toimialayhteisö:
Suomen ympäristökeskus
Komitea: CEN/TC 444
(Environmental characterization of solid matrices)
Alkuperä: CEN
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-10
This document in the series specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 2 L/kg dry matter. It applies to materials which have a particle size below 4 mm without or with size reduction.
This document has been developed to investigate the leaching of inorganic and non-volatile organic substances from granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments. It does not take into account the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable materials.
The test procedure specified in this document produces an eluate which is subsequently characterized physically and chemically according to appropriate standard methods. This document includes two different procedures for eluate preparation prior to analysis, one procedure for non-volatile organic substances, inorganic substances and DOC and one for inorganic substances and DOC. When assessing only the leaching of inorganic substances and DOC, certain precautions are needed when assessing the leaching of organic substances can in some cases be omitted.
This procedure cannot be applied to materials with a water content or such a water affinity that a good mixing of the solid with the predetermined quantity of liquid is not achievable.
This procedure does not apply to materials reacting with the leachant, leading, for example, to excessive gas emission, a solidifying effect or an excessive heat release. In that case, the material can be wetted prior to carrying out the leaching test.
This test cannot be used alone to determine the leaching behaviour of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments, as specified in EN 12920.
This document does not address issues related to health and safety.
This procedure cannot be applied to materials with a water content or such a water affinity that a good mixing of the solid with the predetermined quantity of liquid is not achievable.
This procedure does not apply to materials reacting with the leachant, leading, for example, to excessive gas emission, a solidifying effect or an excessive heat release. In that case, the material can be wetted prior to carrying out the leaching test.
This test cannot be used alone to determine the leaching behaviour of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments, as specified in EN 12920.
This document does not address issues related to health and safety.
Toimialayhteisö:
Suomen ympäristökeskus
Komitea: CEN/TC 444
(Environmental characterization of solid matrices)
Alkuperä: CEN
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-10
This document in the series specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 10 L/kg dry matter. It applies to materials which have a particle size below 4 mm without or with size reduction.
This document has been developed to investigate the leaching of inorganic and non-volatile organic substances from granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments. It does not take into account the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable materials.
The test procedure specified in this document produces an eluate which is subsequently characterized physically and chemically according to appropriate standard methods. This document includes two different procedures for eluate preparation prior to analysis, one procedure for non-volatile organic substances, inorganic substances and DOC and one for inorganic substances and DOC. When assessing only the leaching of inorganic substances and DOC, certain precautions are needed when assessing the leaching of organic substances can in some cases be omitted.
This procedure cannot be applied to materials with a water content or such a water affinity that a good mixing of the solid with the predetermined quantity of liquid is not achievable.
This procedure does not apply to materials reacting with the leachant, leading, for example, to excessive gas emission, a solidifying effect or an excessive heat release. In that case, the material can be wetted prior to carrying out the leaching test.
This test cannot be used alone to determine the leaching behaviour of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments, as specified in EN 12920.
This document does not address issues related to health and safety.
Toimialayhteisö:
Suomen ympäristökeskus
Komitea: CEN/TC 444
(Environmental characterization of solid matrices)
Alkuperä: CEN
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-10
This document in the series specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 10 L/kg dry matter. It applies to materials which have a particle size below 10 mm without or with size reduction.
This document has been developed to investigate the leaching of inorganic and non-volatile organic substances from granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments. It does not take into account the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable materials.
The test procedure specified in this document produces an eluate which is subsequently characterized physically and chemically according to appropriate standard methods. This document includes two different procedures for eluate preparation prior to analysis, one procedure for non-volatile organic substances, inorganic substances and DOC and one for inorganic substances and DOC. When assessing only the leaching of inorganic substances and DOC, certain precautions needed when assessing the leaching of organic substances can in some cases be omitted.
This procedure cannot be applied to materials with a water content or such a water affinity that a good mixing of the solid with the predetermined quantity of liquid is not achievable.
This procedure does not apply to materials reacting with the leachant, leading, for example, to excessive gas emission, a solidifying effect or an excessive heat release. In that case, the material can be wetted prior to carrying out the leaching test.
This test cannot be used alone to determine the leaching behaviour of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments, as specified in EN 12920.
This document does not address issues related to health and safety.
Toimialayhteisö:
Suomen ympäristökeskus
Komitea: CEN/TC 444
(Environmental characterization of solid matrices)
Alkuperä: CEN
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-10
This document in the series specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 2 L/kg dry matter in a first step and subsequently of 8 L/kg dry matter in a second step. It applies to materials which have a particle size below 4 mm without or with size reduction.
This document has been developed to investigate the leaching of inorganic and non-volatile organic substances from granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments. It does not take into account the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable materials.
The test procedure specified in this document produces an eluate which is subsequently characterized physically and chemically according to appropriate standard methods. This document includes two different procedures for eluate preparation prior to analysis, one procedure for non-volatile organic substances, inorganic substances and DOC and one for inorganic substances and DOC. When assessing only the leaching of inorganic substances and DOC, certain precautions needed when assessing the leaching of organic substances can in some cases be omitted.
This procedure cannot be applied to materials with a water content or such a water affinity that a good mixing of the solid with the predetermined quantity of liquid is not achievable.
This procedure does not apply to materials reacting with the leachant, leading, for example, to excessive gas emission, a solidifying effect or an excessive heat release. In that case, the material can be wetted prior to carrying out the leaching test.
This test cannot be used alone to determine the leaching behaviour of granular waste materials, sludges, soil, soil-like materials and sediments, as specified in EN 12920.
This document does not address issues related to health and safety.
Toimialayhteisö:
Metalliteollisuuden Standardisointiyhdistys
Komitea: ISO/TC 199
(Safety of machinery)
Alkuperä: ISO
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-10
This International Standard specifies general requirements for the hygienic design of machinery and associated equipment as well as instructions for use. It applies to all types of machines and associated equipment used in applications where hygiene risks to the consumer of the product can occur.
This International Standard does not cover requirements relative to the egress of microbiological agents from the machine.
Toimialayhteisö:
Metalliteollisuuden Standardisointiyhdistys
Komitea: CEN/TC 114
(Safety of machinery)
Alkuperä: CEN
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-10
This International Standard specifies hygiene requirements of machines and provides information for the intended use to be provided by the manufacturer. It applies to all types of machines and associated equipment used in applications where hygiene risks to the consumer of the product can occur.
This International Standard does not cover requirements relative to the uncontrolled egress of microbiological agents from the machine.
Toimialayhteisö:
Metalliteollisuuden Standardisointiyhdistys
Komitea: CEN/TC 164
(Water supply)
Alkuperä: CEN
Määräpäivä: 2026-09-10
This document specifies the:
— field of application:
— The dimensional, the physicochemical, the design, the hydraulic, the mechanical and the acoustic characteristics of non-controllable backflow preventer with different pressure zones, family C, type A, nominal sizes DN 6 to DN 25, nominal pressure PN 10.
It is applicable to:
— Family C, type A, class “a” for general use: devices of class “a” can be capable of working:
— at any pressure up to 1 MPa (10 bar);
— with any pressure variation up to 1 MPa (10 bar);
— at a supply temperature limit of 65 °C and 90 °C for 1 h;
— Family C, type A, class “b” for specific use: devices of class “b” shall be capable of working:
— at any downstream pressure up to 0,3 MPa (3 bar);
— with any downstream pressure variation up to 0,3 MPa (3 bar); at a supply temperature limit of 65 °C and 90 °C for 1 h;
Class “b” devices can capable of operating: at any downstream pressure up to 300 kPa (3 bar), with any downstream pressure variation up to 300 kPa (3 bar) at a supply temperature limit of 65 °C and 90 °C for 1 h. Class “b” devices with specific hydraulic and non-acoustic requirements and are intended to equip filling devices physically integrated into a single-function (heating) or dual-function (heating and domestic hot water) boiler.
It specifies also:
— test methods and requirements for verifying these characteristics;
— marking;
— presentation and the delivery.