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This specification defines the process applicable to the lubrication with cetyl alcohol of aerospace fasteners such as threaded bolts, blind fasteners, nuts, lockbolts, pins and collars. It defines the product application methods and the relevant quality assurance requirements for the lubrication of the commonly used fastener materials: aluminium alloys, alloy steels, stainless steels, titanium alloys and nickel base alloys.

 

This document specifies methods of sampling bituminous binders, to determine the average quality of the material under examination or to determine deviations from average quality.

 

This document defines the specifications and test methods and also the classification, marking and energy labelling of gas-fired instantaneous water heaters for sanitary uses, hereafter called “water heaters”. This document applies to water heaters: - of types A, B and C as described at the appropriated clauses; NOTE For more information on the configuration of the types of appliances, see EN 1749:2020. - using one or more combustible gases corresponding to the three gas families and at the pressures stated in accordance with EN 437:2021; - of nominal heat input not exceeding 77 kW based on the gross calorific value (GCV); - with an ignition burner or with direct ignition of the main burner. In this document, the heat inputs are expressed in relation to the net calorific value (Hi). This document does not contain all the requirements necessary for: - boiling water appliances; - appliances intended to be connected to a mechanical means of evacuating the combustion products; - appliances which fulfil a dual role of space heating and heating water for sanitary use. This document only covers water heaters where the fan, if any, is an integral part of the appliance. This document is not intended to cover appliances designed and constructed to burn gas containing toxic components.

 

1.1 Scope of EN 1993-1-5 (1) This document provides rules for structural design of stiffened and unstiffened nominally flat plates which are subject to in-plane forces. (2) Non-uniform stress distributions due to shear lag, in-plane load introduction and plate buckling are covered. The effects of out-of-plane loading are outside the scope of this document. NOTE 1 The rules in this part complement the rules for class 1, 2, 3 and 4 sections, see EN 1993-1-1. NOTE 2 For the design of slender plates which are subject to repeated direct stress and/or shear and also fatigue due to out-of-plane bending of plate elements ("breathing"), see EN 1993-2 and EN 1993-6. NOTE 3 For the effects of out-of-plane loading and for the combination of in-plane effects and out-of-plane loading effects, see EN 1993-2 and EN 1993-1-7. (3) Single plate elements are considered as nominally flat where the curvature radius r in the direction perpendicular to the compression satisfies, as illustrated in Figure 1.1: r=b^2/t (1.1) where b is the panel width; t is the plate thickness. Figure 1.1 - Definition of plate curvature 1.2 Assumptions (1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, the EN 1991 series and EN 1993-1-1 apply. (2) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-5 are applicable if - the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2 and - the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series or in the relevant material product specifications.

 

1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-3 (1) This document provides rules for structural design of cold-formed steel members and sheeting. (2) This document applies to cold-formed steel products made from coated or uncoated hot- or cold-rolled sheet or strip, which have been cold-formed by processes such as roll-forming or press braking. It also covers sheeting and members which are curved during fabrication by continuous bending or roll-forming. Sheeting which has the curvature created by crushing the inner flanges is not included. This document is also applicable to the design of profiled steel sheeting for composite steel and concrete slabs at the construction stage, see EN 1994. The execution of steel structures made of cold-formed steel members and sheeting is covered in EN 1090 4. Provisions for bolted connections are provided in EN 1090 2. NOTE The rules in prEN 1993 1 3 complement the rules in other parts of EN 1993 1. (3) Methods are also given for stressed-skin design, using steel sheeting as a structural diaphragm. (4) This document does not apply to cold-formed circular and rectangular structural hollow sections supplied to EN 10219, for which reference is made to EN 1993 1 1 and EN 1993 1 8. (5) This document provides methods for design by calculation and for design assisted by testing. The methods for design by calculation apply only within the stated ranges of material properties and geometric proportions, for which sufficient experience and test evidence is available. These limitations do not apply to design assisted by testing. 1.2 Assumptions (1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993 1 1 apply. (2) The design methods given in prEN 1993 1 3 are applicable if: - the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090 4, the execution quality of bolted connections is as specified in EN 1090 2, and - the construction materials and products are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications. (2) EN 1993 is intended to be used in conjunction with: - the parts of EN 1992 to EN 1999 where steel structures or steel components are referred to within those documents; - EN, EAD and ETA standards for construction products relevant to steel structures.

 

This European Standard defines general terms relating to products of aluminium and aluminium alloys which are helpful for communication within the aluminium industry and with its customers . It includes terms dealing with aluminium products, processing, sampling and testing, product characteristics and different types of visual quality characteristics. It does not include terms dealing with bauxite mining, alumina and anode production and aluminium smelting. This European Standard tries to adhere as closely as possible to the terms and definitions used in other standards or documents. NOTE For materials other than aluminium, different definitions can apply to terms which are defined in this document. This European Standard tries to follow the "common language" as it is used in native English speaking countries, without giving preference to specific idioms of any one of these counties. In cases where in different English-speaking countries different terms are used for the same concept or different concepts refer to an identical term, the appropriate explanations are given.

 

This document specifies the field of application, the dimensional, the physico-chemical properties and the properties of general hydraulic, mechanical and acoustic design of pipe interrupters with permanent atmospheric vent family D Type C, intended to prevent pollution of potable water by backflow, caused by backsiphoning only. It is applicable to pipe interrupters with permanent atmospheric vent in denominations DN 10 up to DN 20. It covers pipe interrupters with permanent atmospheric vent of PN 10 that are capable of working without modification or adjustment: - at any pressure, up to 1 MPa (10 bar); - with any pressure variation, up to 1 MPa (10 bar); - in permanent duty at a limited temperature of 65 °C and for maximum 1 h at 90 °C. It specifies also the test methods and requirements for verifying their characteristics, the marking and the presentation at delivery. Backflow protection devices integrated in flushing valves are similar to DC and are not covered under this document. The requirements are stated in EN 12541.

 

This document specifies methods for determining fracture toughness in terms of K, d, J and R-curves for homogeneous metallic materials subjected to quasistatic loading. Specimens are notched, precracked by fatigue and tested under slowly increasing displacement. The fracture toughness is determined for individual specimens at or after the onset of ductile crack extension or at the onset of ductile crack instability or unstable crack extension. In cases where cracks grow in a stable manner under ductile tearing conditions, a resistance curve describing fracture toughness as a function of crack extension is measured. In some cases in the testing of ferritic materials, unstable crack extension can occur by cleavage or ductile crack initiation and growth, interrupted by cleavage extension. The fracture toughness at crack arrest is not covered by this document. Special testing requirements and analysis procedures are necessary when testing weldments, and these are described in ISO 15653 which is complementary to this document. Statistical variability of the results strongly depends on the fracture type, for instance, fracture toughness associated with cleavage fracture in ferritic steels can show large variation. For applications that require high reliability, a statistical approach can be used to quantify the variability in fracture toughness in the ductile-to-brittle transition region, such as that given in ASTM E1921. However, it is not the purpose of this document to specify the number of tests to be carried out nor how the results of the tests are to be applied or interpreted.

 

This document specifies requirements and describes test methods for deluge valves and their actuators used in water mist systems. Valves tested according to EN 12259-9 are considered to meet the requirements of this document and its technical documentation.

 

This document provides a method to calculate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during natural gas production (onshore or offshore), gas processing and gas transport to liquefied natural gas (LNG) liquefaction plant. NOTE          It can be applied to other gases as biogas or non-traditional types of natural gas. This document covers all facilities associated with producing natural gas, including: —     drilling (exploration, appraisal, and development) and production wells; —     gas gathering network and boosting stations (if any); —     gas processing facilities (if any), transport gas pipelines with compression stations (if any) up to inlet valve of LNG liquefaction plant. This document covers facilities associated with producing other products (such as, but not limited to, domestic gas, condensate, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), sulphur, power export) to the extent required to allocate GHG emissions to each product. This document covers the upstream facilities “under operation”, including emissions associated with commissioning, initial start-up and restarts after maintenance or upset. This document does not cover the exploration, construction and decommissioning phases or the losses from vegetation coverage. This document covers all GHG emissions associated with production, process and transport of natural gas to the LNG liquefaction plant. These emissions spread across scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3 of the responsible organization, as defined in ISO 6338-1. All emissions sources are covered including flaring, combustion, cold vents, process vents, fugitive leaks and emissions associated with imported energy. Gases covered include CO2, CH4, N2O and fluorinated gases. This document does not cover compensation. This document defines preferred units of measurement and necessary conversions. This document also recommends instrumentation and estimations methods to monitor and report GHG emissions. Some emissions are measured; and some are estimated.

 

This document specifies requirements and test methods for the fire safety of candles intended to be burned indoors.

 

This document specifies requirements to grade hides and skins according to the defects listed in EN 16055. It applies to raw bovine hides and skins, both fresh and salted, intended for use throughout the leather manufacturing supply chain.

 

This document: —     provides the general part of the method to calculate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions throughout the liquefied natural gas (LNG) chain, a means to determine their carbon footprint; —     defines preferred units of measurement and necessary conversions; —     recommends instrumentation and estimation methods to monitor and report GHG emissions. Some emissions are measured; and some are estimated. This document covers all facilities in the LNG chain. The facilities are considered “under operation”, including emissions associated with initial start-up, maintenance, turnaround and restarts after maintenance or upset. The construction, commissioning, extension and decommissioning phases are excluded from this document but can be assessed separately. This document covers all GHG emissions. These emissions spread across scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3 of the responsible organization. Scope 1, 2 and 3 are defined in this document. All emissions sources are covered including flaring, combustion, cold vents, process vents, fugitive leaks and emissions associated with imported energy. This document describes the allocation of GHG emissions to LNG and other hydrocarbon products where other products are produced (e.g. LPG, domestic gas, condensates, sulfur). This document does not cover specific requirements on natural gas production and transport to LNG plant, liquefaction, shipping and regasification. This document is applicable to the LNG industry.

 

This document specifies the technical delivery conditions for electric welded and submerged arc welded cold formed structural steel hollow sections of circular, square, rectangular or elliptical forms and applies to structural hollow sections formed cold without subsequent heat treatment other than the heat treatment of the weld line. NOTE 1 The requirements for tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties in EN 10219-2. NOTE 2 The provisions that apply under the Construction Products Regulations (CPR) are specified in EN 10380. NOTE 3 The attention of users is drawn to the fact that whilst cold formed grades in this document can have equivalent mechanical properties to hot-finished grades in EN 10210-1 the sectional properties of square and rectangular hollow sections in EN 10219-2 and EN 10210-2 are not equivalent. NOTE 4 A range of steel grades is specified in this document and the user should select the grade most appropriate to the intended use and service conditions. The grades and mechanical properties, but not the final supply condition of cold formed hollow sections are generally comparable with those in EN 10025-2, EN 10025-3, EN 10025-4, EN 10025-5, EN 10025-6, EN 10149-2 and EN 10149-3.

 

The standard shall cover finished products made of carbon steel, steel alloy and cast steel intended to be used as structural elements in construction works, including its use in installations. Products may be coated, or uncoated. Products may be weldable, or non-weldable. Products made of stainless steel are excluded from this product definition. The standard shall cover: Product group on sections and profiles, product group on plates, sheets, strip and wide flats, product group on bars, rods and wire, product group on hollows and product group on piles and sheet piles.

 

This document specifies technical delivery conditions for hot-finished seamless, electric welded and submerged arc welded steel structural hollow sections of circular, square, rectangular or elliptical forms. It applies to hollow sections formed hot, with or without subsequent heat treatment, or formed cold with subsequent heat treatment above 580 °C to obtain equivalent mechanical properties to those obtained in the hot formed product. NOTE 1 The requirements for tolerances, dimensions and sectional properties are specified in EN 10210-2. NOTE 2 The provisions that apply under the Construction Products Regulations (CPR) are specified in EN 10380. NOTE 3 The attention of users is drawn to the fact that whilst cold formed grades in EN 10219-1 can have equivalent mechanical properties to hot-finished grades in this document the sectional properties of square and rectangular hollow sections in EN 10210-2 and EN 10219-2 are not equivalent. NOTE 4 A range of material grades is specified in this standard and the user should select the grade most appropriate to the intended use and service conditions. The grades and mechanical properties of the finished hollow sections are generally comparable with those in EN 10025-2, EN 10025-3, EN 10025-4, EN 10025-5 and EN 10025-6. NOTE 5 The requirements for seamless and welded steel structural hollow sections for use in offshore structures are covered in EN 10225. NOTE 6 Spiral welded hollow sections must be used with caution in applications involving dynamic behaviour (fatigue stress) as, up to now, there is insufficient data regarding their performance.

 

1.1 Scope of EN 1999-1-5 (1) EN 1999-1-5 applies to the structural design of aluminium structures, stiffened and unstiffened, that have the form of a shell of revolution or of a round panel in monocoque structures. (2) EN 1999-1-5 covers additional provisions to those given in the relevant parts of EN 1999 for design of aluminium structures. NOTE Supplementary information for certain types of shells is given in EN 1993-1-6 and the relevant application parts of EN 1993 which include: - Part 3-1 for towers and masts; - Part 3-2 for chimneys; - Part 4-1 for silos; - Part 4-2 for tanks; - Part 4-3 for pipelines. (4) The provisions in EN 1999-1-5 apply to axisymmetric shells (cylinders, cones, spheres) and associated circular or annular plates, beam section rings and stringer stiffeners, where they form part of the complete structure. (5) Single shell panels (cylindrical, conical or spherical) are not explicitly covered by EN 1999-1-5. However, the provisions can be applicable if the appropriate boundary conditions are duly taken into account. (6) Types of shell walls covered in EN 1999-1-5 can be (see Figure 1.1): - shell wall constructed from flat rolled sheet with adjacent plates connected with butt welds, termed “isotropic”; - shell wall with lap joints formed by connecting adjacent plates with overlapping sections, termed “lap-jointed”; - shell wall with stiffeners attached to the outside, termed “externally stiffened” irrespective of the spacing of stiffeners; - shell wall with the corrugations running up the meridian, termed “axially corrugated”; - shell wall constructed from corrugated sheets with the corrugations running around the shell circumference, termed “circumferentially corrugated”. [Figure 1.1 - Illustration of cylindrical shell form] (7) The provisions of EN 1999-1-5 are intended to be applied within the temperature range defined in EN 1999-1-1. The maximum temperature is restricted so that the influence of creep can be neglected. For structures subject to elevated temperatures associated with fire, see EN 1999-1-2. (8) EN 1999-1-5 does not cover the aspect of leakage. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The general assumptions of EN 1990 apply. (2) The provisions of EN 1999-1-1 apply. (3) The design procedures are valid only when the requirements for execution in EN 1090-3 or other equivalent requirements are complied with. (4) EN 1999 is intended to be used in conjunction with: - European Standards for construction products relevant for aluminium structures; - EN 1090-1, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components; - EN 1090-3, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 3: Technical requirements for aluminium structures.

 

1.1 Scope of EN 1999-1-3 (1) This document gives the basis for the design of aluminium alloy structures subject to fatigue in the ultimate limit state. (2) This document gives rules for: - safe life design; - damage tolerant design; - design assisted by testing. (3) This document does not cover pressurized containment vessels or pipework. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The general assumptions of EN 1990 apply. (2) The provisions of EN 1999-1-1 apply. (3) EN 1999-1-3 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), relevant parts in EN 1992 to EN 1999, EN 1090-1 and EN 1090-3 for requirements for execution, and ENs, EADs and ETAs for construction products relevant to aluminium structures.

 

The purpose of this document is to provide methods for quantifying the ride comfort of a passenger in a rail vehicle in response to the track sections it is operated over. The methods aim to quantify the effects of vehicle body motions on ride comfort and to make the assessment of passenger comfort predictable, repeatable, objective and meaningful. The methods and comfort scales are validated for people of good health. This document applies to passengers in rail vehicles operating on heavy rail networks. This document applies to measurements of motions. It also applies to simulated motions. Guidance is provided on: - which method described within the document should be used for different scenarios; - typical values for different comfort levels; - the application of simulation. This document excludes health and safety issues, non-passenger carrying vehicles, vehicle homologation and safety, limit values, motion sickness, discomfort caused by accelerating and braking, design guidelines and measurement technology.

 

This document specifies a method for the identification of the type of elastomers in granulates or powder derived from End-of-Life Tyres (ELT). The method specified is a qualitative method only.