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This document describes methodologies that can be applied to estimate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the production of ammonia, its storage and transport, and the conversion of ammonia into hydrogen. The transport of hydrogen from the ammonia cracking facility to any delivery point up to the hydrogen consumption gate is covered in ISO 19870-2 (see Figure 2). This document describes in the annexes the requirements and evaluation methods applied to several ammonia production pathways of interest. It also describes the requirements and evaluation methods applied to several ammonia cracking pathways of interest. This document considers the GHG emissions associated with ammonia production up to the delivery gate. This document applies to and includes every steps from ammonia production to any ammonia delivery gate and to ammonia cracking. ISO 14044 requires the goal and scope of an LCA to be clearly defined and be consistent with the intended application. Due to the iterative nature of LCAs, it is possible that the LCA scope needs to be refined during the study. The goals and scopes of the methodologies correspond to either approach a) or b), given below, that iso:proj:37456ISO 14040:2006, Annex A2 gives as two possible approaches to LCAs. a) An approach that assigns elementary flows and potential environmental impacts to a specific product system, typically as an account of the history of the product. See 4.1.2. b) An approach that studies the environmental consequences of possible (future) changes between alternative product systems. See 4.1.3. In this document, approach (a) is referred to as an attributional approach, while approach (b) is referred to as a consequential approach. Complementary information is accessible in the ILCD handbook [1]. A Carbon Footprint of a Product or Partial Carbon Footprint of a Product as defined by ISO 14067 may be estimated using either the attributional or the consequential approach, the latter corresponding to the use of “system expansion via substitution” to avoid allocation when a unit process yields multiple co-products. Complementary documents in the ISO 19870-X series will consider hydrogen production and other conditioning, conversion and transport methods.

 

This part of ISO/IEC 7816 specifies the power and signal structures, and information exchange between an integrated circuit card and an interface device such as a terminal. It also covers signal rates, voltage levels, current values, parity convention, operating procedure, transmission mechanisms and communication with the card. It does not cover information and instruction content, such as identification of issuers and users, services and limits, security features, journaling and instruction definitions.

 

This part of ISO 15638 provides the following for cooperative telematics applications for regulated commercial freight vehicles (4.37): a) A framework (4.20) for the provision of cooperative telematics application services for regulated commercial freight vehicles; b) A description of the concept of operation, regulatory aspects and options and the role models; c) A conceptual architecture (4.7) using an on-board unit and wireless communications to a regulator (4.25) or its agent; d) References for the key documents on which the architecture (4.7) is based; e) Details of the architecture (4.7) of the Facilities Layer; f) A taxonomy of the organisation of generic procedures; g) Common terminology for the ISO 15638 family of standards. This part of ISO 15638 is based on a (multiple) service provider (4.39) oriented approach. ISO 15638 has been developed for use in the context of regulated commercial freight vehicles. There is nothing however to prevent a jurisdiction extending or adapting the scope to include other types of regulated vehicles, as it deems appropriate. NOTE The specific ‘approval’ procedures for specific application services are a matter for the jurisdiction (4.24) and are outside the scope of this (or any) part of 15638. However, approval authorities (4.6) are encouraged to use the guidance of ISO 17000 and ISO/IEC 17065:2012 when developing and implementing such procedures.

 

ISO 20492-1 specifies two methods for testing the durability of edge seals of insulating glass units by means of climate tests: the final frost/dew point method and the moisture-penetration index method. This document is applicable to pre-assembled, permanently sealed, insulating glass units with one or two cavities, and with capillary tubes that are intentionally left open to equalize pressure inside the unit with the surrounding atmosphere. This document is not applicable to sealed, insulating glass units that contain a spandrel glass coating. This document does not apply to insulating glass (IG) units whose function is decorative only.

 

This document establishes two methods for testing the resistance to fogging of pre-assembled, permanently sealed insulating glass units or insulating glass units with capillary tubes intentionally left open. This document is not applicable to sealed, insulating glass units containing a spandrel glass coating due to testing limitations. This document does not apply to insulating glass (IG) units whose function is decorative only.

 

This document specifies two methods of test for insulating glass units, including a determination of the gas leakage rate and a determination of gas concentration tolerances. This document is applicable to pre-assembled, permanently sealed, insulating glass units with one or two cavities. It is not applicable to insulating glass units with capillary or breather tubes.

 

ISO 20492-4 specifies methods for testing the edge seal strength, and partially testing the water and gas permeation through sealants, of glass insulating units. Other parts of ISO 20492 designate two approaches to the standardization of insulating glass units. The methods in ISO 20492-4 are applicable only to approach 2, as defined and used in the other parts of ISO 20492. In cases where there is no protection against direct ultraviolet radiation at the edges, such as structural sealant glazing systems, it is necessary that additional European technical specifications be followed. See References [4] and [5].

 

 

This document specifies a test method to determine if a fitting will fail in crushing mode under compression before a predefined percentage deformation of moulded fittings for thermoplastics piping systems and recommends a specification (see annex A). It applies to fittings made from unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), high-impact poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-HI), chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC-C), polyethylene(PE), polypropylene(PP), Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), Poly (vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF),and poly(phenyl sulfone)(PPSU). It can be applied to moulded fittings made from other thermoplastics as well. However, the test conditions should be taken into consideration.

 

In general terms, Miner’s rule is a common approach to calculate how the accumulation of a specific load that varies over time effects the time until failure. This international standard specifies the application of Miner’s rule for calculating the design time until failure of plastics pipes and piping systems of plastics materials under varying, but known, load conditions. Miner’s rule can also be applied reciprocally to calculate the tolerable load levels along a desired design time. This international standard specifies particularly the application of Miner’s rule to calculate stress or pressure regimes, respectively, that are tolerable during a targeted design time for plastics or composite pipes. Further, the application of Miner’s rule on the effect of accumulated damage on polyolefins caused by oxidative attack under varying temperatures and times on the design life is specified. It is necessary to apply Miner's rule to each failure mechanism separately. Thus, for mechanical failure due to internal pressure, other failure mechanisms, such as oxidative or dehydrochlorinative degradative failure mechanisms, are to be neglected (assuming, of course, no interaction). A material may be used only when it is proven to conform to all failure mechanism criteria. NOTE Miner's rule is an empirically based procedure and is only a first approximation to reality.

 

This document specifies procedures and data exchange format interface(s) between sensor fusion actors in P-ITS-S (nomadic device), V-ITS-S, R-ITS-S and C-ITS-S for seamless positioning by nomadic device. This document defines the process for coordinating and sharing PVT datasets among ITS components, including P-ITS-S, V-ITS-S, R-ITS-S, and C-ITS-S, for each specific use case. This document does not provide data security and authentication protocols.

 

This document defines the top-level semantic architecture of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) informatics as a discipline. It establishes a unified framework for representing and organizing TCM knowledge — including theoretical concepts, diagnostic reasoning, treatment principles, and related terminology — in a form understandable to both humans and computer systems. The framework incorporates a categorial structure to formalize the relationships among concepts and knowledge entities within TCM, providing the semantic basis for data interoperability, knowledge sharing, and computational reasoning. It supports consistent exchange and integration of TCM information across clinical documentation, research databases, education systems, and AI-driven decision-support applications.

 

 

This document specifies design, type testing, marking and manufacturing tests and examinations requirements for: a) self-closing cylinder valves; b) self-closing cylinder valves with integrated pressure regulator (VIPR); for refillable transportable gas cylinders which convey compressed, liquefied or dissolved gases. NOTE 3 The main applications for such self-closing cylinder valves are in the calibration gas and beverage industries. NOTE 4 Where there is no risk of ambiguity, cylinder valves and VIPRs are addressed with the collective term “valves” within this document. This document does not apply to: — valves for cryogenic equipment, portable fire extinguishers and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG); — quick-release cylinder valves (e.g. for fire-extinguishing, explosion protection and rescue applications) - requirements for quick-release cylinder valves are specified in ISO 17871 which contains normative references to this document; — ball valves. NOTE 5 Requirements for valves for cryogenic vessels are specified in ISO 21011 and at a regional level, e.g. in EN 1626. Requirements for valves for portable fire extinguishers are specified at a regional level, e.g. in EN 3 series. Requirements for self-closing LPG cylinder valves are specified in ISO 14245. Requirements for quick-release cylinder valves are given in ISO 17871. Requirements for ball valves are given in ISO 23826. This document only covers the function of a valve as a closure. Other functions that are possibly integrated in the valve can be covered by other standards. Such standards do however not constitute requirements according to this document. NOTE 6 Definition of and specific requirements for VIPRs in addition to those that are given in this document are specified in ISO 22435 for industrial applications or ISO 10524-3 for medical applications. Similarly, certain specific additional requirements for residual pressure valves (RPV) are given in ISO 15996.

 

 

This document specifies the characteristics of valves made from polyethylene (PE) for piping systems in the field of the supply of gaseous fuels. NOTE 1 For the purpose of this document the term gaseous fuels include for example natural gas, methane, butane, propane, hydrogen, manufactured gas, biogas, and mixtures of these gases. It is applicable to unidirectional and bi-directional isolating valves with spigot ends or electrofusion sockets intended to be fused with PE pipes or fittings conforming to ISO/DIS 4437-2 and ISO/DIS 4437-3 respectively. Valves made from materials other than PE, designed for the supply of gaseous fuels conforming to the relevant standards can be used in PE piping systems according to ISO 4437 series, provided that they have PE connections for butt fusion or electrofusion ends, including integrated material transition joints, conforming to ISO/DIS 4437-3. It also specifies the test parameters for the test methods referred to in this document. In conjunction with parts 1, 2, 3 and 5 of the ISO/DIS 4437 series, it is applicable to PE valves, their joints and to joints with components of PE and other materials intended to be used under the following conditions: a) a maximum operating pressure, MOP, up to and including 10 bar11 1 bar = 0,1 MPa =105 Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2. at a reference temperature of 20 °C for design purposes; b) an operating temperature between -20 °C to 40 °C. ISO/DIS 4437 (all parts) covers a range of maximum operating pressures and gives requirements concerning colours. It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections from these aspects, taking into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes. This document covers valve bodies designed for connection with pipes with a nominal outside diameter dn = 400 mm.

 

This document specifies the minimum values for expected strength as a function of time and temperature in the form of reference lines, for use in calculations on crosslinked polyethylene (PE-X) pipes and crosslinked medium density polyethylene (PE-MDX) pipes. NOTE 1 This document is applicable for pipes with the minimum level of crosslinking after production in accordance with Clause 4. NOTE 2 The density range for medium density polyethylene is 926 kg/m3 to 940 kg/m3 in accordance with ISO 17855-1:2014[7].

 

 

This document specifies methods for the chemical analysis of zirconium oxide powders used as the raw material for fine ceramics. It stipulates the determination methods of the zirconium, aluminium, barium, calcium, cerium, cobalt, gadolinium, hafnium, iron, magnesium, potassium, silicon, sodium, strontium, titanium and yttrium contents in zirconium oxide powders for fine ceramics. The test sample is decomposed by acid pressure decomposition or alkali fusion. Contents of zirconium and yttrium are determined by using either a precipitation and gravimetric method or an inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES) method. Contents of aluminium, barium, calcium, cerium, cobalt, gadolinium, hafnium, iron, magnesium, potassium, silicon, sodium, strontium and titanium are determined by using an ICP–OES method.

 

ISO 14451-1:2013 establishes a terminology related to test methods and requirements for pyrotechnic articles for vehicles.