Toimialayhteisöt

 

1.1 Scope of EN 1999-1-4 (1) EN 1999-1-4 gives design requirements for cold-formed trapezoidal aluminium sheeting. It applies to cold-formed aluminium products made from hot rolled or cold rolled sheet or strip that have been cold-formed by such processes as cold-rolled forming or press-breaking. NOTE 1 The rules in this part complement the rules in other parts of EN 1999-1. NOTE 2 The execution of aluminium structures made of cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications is covered in EN 1090-5. (2) EN 1999-1-4 gives methods for stressed-skin design using aluminium sheeting as a structural diaphragm. (3) EN 1999-1-4 does not apply to cold-formed aluminium profiles like C- and Z- profiles nor cold-formed and welded circular or rectangular hollow sections. (4) EN 1999-1-4 gives methods for design by calculation and for design assisted by testing. The methods for the design by calculation apply only within stated ranges of material properties and geometrical properties for which sufficient experience and test evidence is available. These limitations do not apply to design by testing. (5) EN 1999-1-4 does not cover load arrangement for loads during execution and maintenance. 1.2 Assumptions (1) For the design of new structures, EN 1999 is intended to be used, for direct application, together with EN 1990, EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1994, EN 1995, EN 1997 and EN 1998. EN 1999 is intended to be used in conjunction with: - European Standards for construction products relevant for aluminium structures; - EN 1090-1, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components; - EN 1090-5, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 5: Technical requirements for cold-formed structural aluminium elements and cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications.

 

1.1 Scope of EN 1999-1-2 (1) EN 1999-1-2 deals with the design of aluminium structures for the accidental situation of fire exposure and is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1999-1-1, EN 1999-1-2, EN 1999-1-3, EN 1999-1-4 and EN 1999-1-5. This document only identifies differences from, or supplements to, normal temperature design. (2) EN 1999-1-2 applies to aluminium structures required to fulfil a load bearing function. (3) EN 1999-1-2 gives principles and application rules for the design of structures for specified requirements in respect of the aforementioned function and the levels of performance. (4) EN 1999-1-2 applies to structures, or parts of structures, that are within the scope of EN 1999 1 1 and are designed accordingly. (5) The methods given in EN 1999-1-2 are applicable to the following aluminium alloys: EN AW-3004 - H34 EN AW-5083 - O and H12 EN AW-6063 - T5 and T6 EN AW-5005 - O and H34 EN AW-5454 - O and H34 EN AW-6082 - T4 and T6 EN AW-5052 - H34 EN AW-6061 - T6 (6) The methods given in EN 1999-1-2 are applicable also to other aluminium alloy/tempers of EN 1999 1-1, if reliable material properties at elevated temperatures are available or the simplified assumptions in 5.2.1 are applied. 1.2 Assumptions (1) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990, the following assumptions apply: - the choice of the relevant design fire scenario is made by appropriate qualified and experienced personnel, or is given by the relevant national regulation. - any active and passive fire protection systems taken into account in the design will be adequately maintained. (2) EN 1999 is intended to be used in conjunction with: - European Standards for construction products relevant for aluminium structures - EN 1090-1, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components - EN 1090-3, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 3: Technical requirements for aluminium structures

 

EN 1999-1-1 gives basic design rules for structures made of wrought aluminium alloys and limited guidance for cast alloys (see Clause 5 and Annex C). This document does not cover the following, unless otherwise explicitly stated in this document: - members with material thickness less than 0,6 mm; - welded members with material thickness less than 1,5 mm; - connections with: - steel bolts and pins with diameter less than 5 mm; - aluminium bolts and pins with diameter less than 8 mm; - rivets and thread forming screws with diameter less than 3,9 mm.

 

(1) EN 1993-1-1 gives basic design rules for steel structures using all steel grades from S235 up to and including S700 unless otherwise stated in individual clauses. (2) It also gives supplementary provisions for the structural design of steel buildings. These supplementary provisions are indicated by the letter “B” after the paragraph number, thus ( )B.

 

1.1 Scope of EN 1993-1-5 (1) This document provides rules for structural design of stiffened and unstiffened nominally flat plates which are subject to in-plane forces. (2) Non-uniform stress distributions due to shear lag, in-plane load introduction and plate buckling are covered. The effects of out-of-plane loading are outside the scope of this document. NOTE 1 The rules in this part complement the rules for class 1, 2, 3 and 4 sections, see EN 1993-1-1. NOTE 2 For the design of slender plates which are subject to repeated direct stress and/or shear and also fatigue due to out-of-plane bending of plate elements ("breathing"), see EN 1993-2 and EN 1993-6. NOTE 3 For the effects of out-of-plane loading and for the combination of in-plane effects and out-of-plane loading effects, see EN 1993-2 and EN 1993-1-7. (3) Single plate elements are considered as nominally flat where the curvature radius r in the direction perpendicular to the compression satisfies, as illustrated in Figure 1.1: r=b^2/t (1.1) where b is the panel width; t is the plate thickness. Figure 1.1 - Definition of plate curvature 1.2 Assumptions (1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, the EN 1991 series and EN 1993-1-1 apply. (2) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-5 are applicable if - the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2 and - the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series or in the relevant material product specifications.

 

1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-3 (1) This document provides rules for structural design of cold-formed steel members and sheeting. (2) This document applies to cold-formed steel products made from coated or uncoated hot- or cold-rolled sheet or strip, which have been cold-formed by processes such as roll-forming or press braking. It also covers sheeting and members which are curved during fabrication by continuous bending or roll-forming. Sheeting which has the curvature created by crushing the inner flanges is not included. This document is also applicable to the design of profiled steel sheeting for composite steel and concrete slabs at the construction stage, see EN 1994. The execution of steel structures made of cold-formed steel members and sheeting is covered in EN 1090 4. Provisions for bolted connections are provided in EN 1090 2. NOTE The rules in prEN 1993 1 3 complement the rules in other parts of EN 1993 1. (3) Methods are also given for stressed-skin design, using steel sheeting as a structural diaphragm. (4) This document does not apply to cold-formed circular and rectangular structural hollow sections supplied to EN 10219, for which reference is made to EN 1993 1 1 and EN 1993 1 8. (5) This document provides methods for design by calculation and for design assisted by testing. The methods for design by calculation apply only within the stated ranges of material properties and geometric proportions, for which sufficient experience and test evidence is available. These limitations do not apply to design assisted by testing. 1.2 Assumptions (1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts) and EN 1993 1 1 apply. (2) The design methods given in prEN 1993 1 3 are applicable if: - the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090 4, the execution quality of bolted connections is as specified in EN 1090 2, and - the construction materials and products are as specified in the relevant parts of EN 1993 (all parts), or in the relevant material and product specifications. (2) EN 1993 is intended to be used in conjunction with: - the parts of EN 1992 to EN 1999 where steel structures or steel components are referred to within those documents; - EN, EAD and ETA standards for construction products relevant to steel structures.

 

This European Standard defines general terms relating to products of aluminium and aluminium alloys which are helpful for communication within the aluminium industry and with its customers . It includes terms dealing with aluminium products, processing, sampling and testing, product characteristics and different types of visual quality characteristics. It does not include terms dealing with bauxite mining, alumina and anode production and aluminium smelting. This European Standard tries to adhere as closely as possible to the terms and definitions used in other standards or documents. NOTE For materials other than aluminium, different definitions can apply to terms which are defined in this document. This European Standard tries to follow the "common language" as it is used in native English speaking countries, without giving preference to specific idioms of any one of these counties. In cases where in different English-speaking countries different terms are used for the same concept or different concepts refer to an identical term, the appropriate explanations are given.

 

This document specifies the field of application, the dimensional, the physico-chemical properties and the properties of general hydraulic, mechanical and acoustic design of pipe interrupters with permanent atmospheric vent family D Type C, intended to prevent pollution of potable water by backflow, caused by backsiphoning only. It is applicable to pipe interrupters with permanent atmospheric vent in denominations DN 10 up to DN 20. It covers pipe interrupters with permanent atmospheric vent of PN 10 that are capable of working without modification or adjustment: - at any pressure, up to 1 MPa (10 bar); - with any pressure variation, up to 1 MPa (10 bar); - in permanent duty at a limited temperature of 65 °C and for maximum 1 h at 90 °C. It specifies also the test methods and requirements for verifying their characteristics, the marking and the presentation at delivery. Backflow protection devices integrated in flushing valves are similar to DC and are not covered under this document. The requirements are stated in EN 12541.

 

This document specifies methods for determining fracture toughness in terms of K, d, J and R-curves for homogeneous metallic materials subjected to quasistatic loading. Specimens are notched, precracked by fatigue and tested under slowly increasing displacement. The fracture toughness is determined for individual specimens at or after the onset of ductile crack extension or at the onset of ductile crack instability or unstable crack extension. In cases where cracks grow in a stable manner under ductile tearing conditions, a resistance curve describing fracture toughness as a function of crack extension is measured. In some cases in the testing of ferritic materials, unstable crack extension can occur by cleavage or ductile crack initiation and growth, interrupted by cleavage extension. The fracture toughness at crack arrest is not covered by this document. Special testing requirements and analysis procedures are necessary when testing weldments, and these are described in ISO 15653 which is complementary to this document. Statistical variability of the results strongly depends on the fracture type, for instance, fracture toughness associated with cleavage fracture in ferritic steels can show large variation. For applications that require high reliability, a statistical approach can be used to quantify the variability in fracture toughness in the ductile-to-brittle transition region, such as that given in ASTM E1921. However, it is not the purpose of this document to specify the number of tests to be carried out nor how the results of the tests are to be applied or interpreted.

 

This document specifies requirements and describes test methods for deluge valves and their actuators used in water mist systems. Valves tested according to EN 12259-9 are considered to meet the requirements of this document and its technical documentation.

 

This document specifies methods of sampling bituminous binders, to determine the average quality of the material under examination or to determine deviations from average quality.

 

This document defines the specifications and test methods and also the classification, marking and energy labelling of gas-fired instantaneous water heaters for sanitary uses, hereafter called “water heaters”. This document applies to water heaters: - of types A, B and C as described at the appropriated clauses; NOTE For more information on the configuration of the types of appliances, see EN 1749:2020. - using one or more combustible gases corresponding to the three gas families and at the pressures stated in accordance with EN 437:2021; - of nominal heat input not exceeding 77 kW based on the gross calorific value (GCV); - with an ignition burner or with direct ignition of the main burner. In this document, the heat inputs are expressed in relation to the net calorific value (Hi). This document does not contain all the requirements necessary for: - boiling water appliances; - appliances intended to be connected to a mechanical means of evacuating the combustion products; - appliances which fulfil a dual role of space heating and heating water for sanitary use. This document only covers water heaters where the fan, if any, is an integral part of the appliance. This document is not intended to cover appliances designed and constructed to burn gas containing toxic components.

 

This document specifies requirements and test methods for the fire safety of candles intended to be burned indoors.

 

This document specifies requirements to grade hides and skins according to the defects listed in EN 16055. It applies to raw bovine hides and skins, both fresh and salted, intended for use throughout the leather manufacturing supply chain.

 

This document: —     provides the general part of the method to calculate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions throughout the liquefied natural gas (LNG) chain, a means to determine their carbon footprint; —     defines preferred units of measurement and necessary conversions; —     recommends instrumentation and estimation methods to monitor and report GHG emissions. Some emissions are measured; and some are estimated. This document covers all facilities in the LNG chain. The facilities are considered “under operation”, including emissions associated with initial start-up, maintenance, turnaround and restarts after maintenance or upset. The construction, commissioning, extension and decommissioning phases are excluded from this document but can be assessed separately. This document covers all GHG emissions. These emissions spread across scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3 of the responsible organization. Scope 1, 2 and 3 are defined in this document. All emissions sources are covered including flaring, combustion, cold vents, process vents, fugitive leaks and emissions associated with imported energy. This document describes the allocation of GHG emissions to LNG and other hydrocarbon products where other products are produced (e.g. LPG, domestic gas, condensates, sulfur). This document does not cover specific requirements on natural gas production and transport to LNG plant, liquefaction, shipping and regasification. This document is applicable to the LNG industry.

 

ISO 445:2013 defines terms relating to pallets for unit load methods of materials handling. It also includes informative annexes listing terms relating to unit load handling and slipsheets.

 

ISO 29022:2013 specifies a shear test method used to determine the adhesive bond strength between direct dental restorative materials and tooth structure, e.g. dentine or enamel. The method as described is principally intended for dental adhesives. The method includes substrate selection, storage and handling of tooth structure, as well as the procedure for testing.

 

This documents defines terms in the field of pallets for unit load methods of materials handling.

 

This document gives the safety requirements and measures for numerically controlled (NC/CNC) boring machines, NC/CNC routing machines and NC/CNC boring and routing machines (as defined in 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4), capable of continuous production use, hereinafter referred to as "machines". This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, listed in Annex A, relevant to the machines when they are operated, adjusted and maintained as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer including reasonably foreseeable misuse. Also, transport, assembly, dismantling, disabling and scrapping phases have been taken into account. This document is also applicable to machines fitted with one or more of the following devices/additional working units, whose hazards have been dealt with: —    additional working units for sawing, sanding, assembling or dowel inserting; —    fixed or movable workpiece support; —    mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic or vacuum workpiece clamping; —    automatic tool change devices. It is also applicable to machines fitted with edge-banding equipment, even if the relevant specific hazards have not been dealt with. NOTE      For the risk assessment needed for the edge-banding equipment, ISO 19085-17 can be useful. Machines covered in this document are designed for workpieces consisting of: —    solid wood; —    material with similar physical characteristics to wood (see ISO 19085-1:2021, 3.2); —    gypsum boards, gypsum bounded fibreboards, cardboard; —    matrix engineered mineral boards, silicate boards; —    composite materials with core consisting of polyurethane or mineral material laminated with light alloy; —    polymer-matrix composite materials and reinforced thermoplastic/thermoset/elastomeric materials; —    aluminium light alloy profiles; —    aluminium light alloy plates with a maximum thickness of 10 mm; —    composite boards made from the materials listed above. This document does not deal with specific hazards related to: —    use of grinding wheels; —    ejection through openings guarded by curtains on machines where the height of the opening in the enclosure above the workpiece support exceeds 700 mm; —    ejection due to failure of milling tools with a cutting circle diameter equal to or greater than 16 mm and sawing tools not conforming to EN 847-1:2017 and EN 847-2:2017; —    the combination of a single machine being used with other machines (as a part of a line); —    integrated workpiece loading/unloading systems (e.g. robots). This document is not applicable to: —    single spindle hand fed or integrated fed routing machines; —    machines intended for use in potentially explosive atmosphere; —    machines manufactured prior to its publication.

 

This International Standard specifies a model, aimed for estimating the radiation impact of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) on hardware and on biological and other objects when in space. This International Standard can also be used in scientific research to generalize the available experimental evidence for GCR fluxes. This International Standard establishes the model parameters and characteristics of the fluxes of GCR particles of various types: electrons, protons and nuclei with Z = 2 to 92 with energies from several tens to 105 MeV/nucleon in the Earth’s orbit beyond the Earth’s magnetosphere.