Toimialayhteisöt

 

This document specifies a device and a method for the determination of the image quality of radiographs using wire-type image quality indicators.

 

This document is applicable to efficient particulate air filters (EPA), high efficiency particulate air filters (HEPA) and ultra-low penetration air filters (ULPA) used in the field of ventilation and air conditioning and for technical processes, e.g. for applications in clean room technology or pharmaceutical industry. This document establishes a procedure for the determination of the efficiency on the basis of a particle counting method using a liquid (or alternatively a solid) test aerosol and allows a standardized classification of these filters in terms of their efficiency, both local and integral efficiency. This document is based on particle counting methods which actually cover most needs of different applications.

 

1.1 This document specifies the safety requirements for lifting tables which fulfil the following characteristics: — serving no more than 2 fixed landings but able to pass a fixed landing and, — having a vertical travel speed of no more than 0,15 m/s, unless the lifting table is safe by position and, — raising or lowering goods (with or without operator(s) and/or authorized person(s)) with a fixed, movable or mobile lifting table or, — raising or lowering operator(s) and/or authorized person(s) with or without goods, to positions where they can carry out work from a fixed lifting table that is guided throughout its vertical travel only. 1.2 This document specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating and reducing the risks arising from the significant hazards listed in Annex B. 1.3 This document does not apply to the following equipment: — lifting tables with a vertical travel speed exceeding 0,15 m/s, unless the lifting table is safe by position; — lifting tables, serving more than 2 fixed landings of a construction, for lifting goods, with a vertical travel speed not exceeding 0,15 m/s (EN 1570 2:2016); — lifting tables, serving more than 2 fixed landings of a construction, for lifting operators, with a vertical travel speed not exceeding 0,15 m/s; — lifting tables carrying operators and installed in full enclosures with a vertical travel speed not exceeding 0,15 m/s; — lifting tables used on ships; — lifting tables designed for artists and stage set features during artistic performances (EN 17206:2020); — power operated lifting platforms for persons with impaired mobility (EN 81 41:2010); — mobile lifting tables for airport ground support equipment (EN 1915 2:2001+A1:2009 and EN 12312 1:2013); — mobile elevating work platforms (EN 280 1:2022); — vehicle servicing lifts (EN 1493:2022); — mobile lifting tables used for firefighting (EN 1777:2010); — mobile lifting tables with a horizontal travelling speed of more than 1,6 m/s; — rail dependent storage and retrieval equipment (EN 528:2021); — scissor lift pallet trucks (EN ISO 3691 5:2015); — lifting tables suspended from a ceiling. 1.4 This document does not consider the requirements for: — operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, freezer applications, strong magnetic fields); — operation subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres, mines); — handling of loads, the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal, acids, radiating materials, particularly brittle loads, loose loads (gravel, tubes)); — hazards occurring during construction, transportation, and disposal; — equipment installed on the load platform or the replacing or maintaining of it; — integration into broader systems or other machines, etc.; — cable-less controls, i.e. wireless; — lifting tables where the hydraulic pressure is derived directly from gas pressure; — lifting tables powered by internal combustion engines. This document is not applicable to lifting tables manufactured before the date of its publication.

 

This document establishes a vocabulary of terms and semantics for all fields of respiratory care involving mechanical ventilation, such as intensive-care ventilation, anaesthesia ventilation, emergency and transport ventilation and home-care ventilation, including sleep-apnoea breathing-therapy equipment. It is applicable — in lung ventilator and breathing-therapy device standards, — in health informatics standards, — for labelling on medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems, — in medical electrical equipment and medical electrical system instructions for use and accompanying documents, — for medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems interoperability, and — in electronic health records. This document is also applicable to those accessories intended by their manufacturer to be connected to a ventilator breathing system or to a ventilator, where the characteristics of those accessories can affect the basic safety or essential performance of the ventilator and ventilator breathing system. NOTE This document can also be used for other applications relating to lung ventilation, including non-electrical devices and equipment, research, description of critical events, forensic analysis and adverse event (vigilance) reporting systems. This document does not specify terms specific to breathing-therapy equipment, or to physiologic closed-loop ventilation, high-frequency ventilation or negative-pressure ventilation; nor to respiratory support using liquid ventilation or extra-corporeal gas exchange, or oxygen, except where it has been considered necessary to establish boundaries between bordering concepts.

 

This International Standard specifies two test methods for evaluating the antimicrobial activity of products to be marketed for contact lens disinfection by chemical means and for products that are part of a contact lens care regimen. This International Standard is not applicable to the hygienic management of trial lenses. NOTE General disinfection product standards are not applicable to contact lens care products, e.g. EN 1040:1997 and EN 1275:1997.

 

 

This part of EN 196 describes the method for the determination of the compressive and, optionally, the flexural strength of cement mortar. The method applies to common cements and to other cements and materials, the standards for which call up this method. It may not apply to other cement types that have, for example, a very short initial setting time. The method is used for assessing whether the compressive strength of cement is in conformity with its specification and for validation testing of a CEN Standard sand, EN 196 1, or alternative compaction equipment. This part of EN 196 describes the reference equipment and procedure and allows alternative compaction equipment and procedures to be used provided that they have been validated in accordance with the appropriate provisions in this document. In the event of a dispute, only the reference equipment and procedure are used.

 

This document gives guidance on methods for determining and classifying the durability of wood and wood-based materials against biological wood-destroying agents. The methods can be applied to individual wood species and processed wood-based materials, including thermally and chemically modified, and water-repellent impregnated wood. Examples of wood-based materials are oriented strand boards (OSB), particle boards, fibre boards, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), and plywood. However, this document is not intended to give guidance on methods for determining and classifying the durability of wood products, coated wood, and wood polymer composites. Preservative-treated wood is not within the scope of this document, since requirements for the effectiveness of wood preservatives and durability requirements of wood treated with preservatives are regulated in several other European standards. However, this does not apply to modified wood, which is why it is included in the scope of this document. The wood-destroying agents considered in this document are: — wood-decay fungi (basidiomycete and soft-rot fungi); — beetles capable of attacking dry wood; — termites; — marine organisms capable of attacking wood in service. Data on the biological durability of the heartwood of selected wood species considered of economic importance in European countries are presented in Annex A (informative), which also provides information relating to their geographical origin, density, sapwood width and treatability. NOTE Treatability, durability to disfiguring fungi, permeability to water and performance in use of wood and wood-based materials are also important issues. However, because standardized methods aiming to assess and classify these factors do not exist and/or have not been extensively experienced yet, preliminary guidance is given in Annex B (informative) for the classification of wood treatability with aqueous wood preservatives, Annex C (informative) for the classification of the permeability to water, and Annex D (informative) for the durability to disfiguring fungi.

 

This document specifies the apparatus and procedure for determining the effective alkali content of cements and other hydraulic binders. The method determines the effective alkali content after 28 days of hydration by extracting pore water from cement stone and determining the concentration of sodium and potassium (method A) or hydroxyl ions in the solution (method B).

 

This document specifies the equipment to be used, the procedures to be applied and the requirements for sampling common cement and/or its constituent materials, representative of defined lots, for testing purposes. The same equipment and procedures can be used for other types of cement or materials; in some cases, modifications to the procedure are also permitted, provided that this document and/or the modifications are referenced in the relevant product standards. The provisions of this document are only applicable when samples of constituent of common cement are: a) required for evaluating the conformity of common cement or constituent of cement at the characteristics related to common cement, to cement constituents, to the release of dangerous substances to soil and ground water of common cement, and to environmental sustainability of common cement; or b) requested for checking a delivery or a lot with a standard, the provisions of a contract or the specification in an order. This document is applicable to the sampling of powders or bulk materials, whether they are: c) contained in silos; d) contained in bags, canisters, drums or any other packages; e) transported in bulk in road vehicles, railway wagons, ships, etc. NOTE The requirements of this document can also, by agreement between the parties, be followed for acceptance inspections for all non-standardized hydraulic binders.

 

This document describes the analytical procedures used to determine the content of tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF) of cement starting from a chemical analysis on cement. The method can be applied on all common cements as defined on EN 197-1. This document also describes the calculation procedures for determining of tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), aluminate (C3A) and tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF) in the Portland cement clinker as defined in the EN 197-1. In both cases, for cement and clinker, the calculation method is based on the Bogue method assuming each phase has a pure composition. This is a conventional method, whereby the actual mineralogical composition can differ from the results obtained using this method. For the determination of the various chemical species of clinker, cement and basic-complexing residue (BCR) described in this document, the method is indicated in the relevant clause.

 

This document describes a method for the determination of whiteness and the colour of common cements and clinkers. This method can be used to determine the whiteness of white cements defined in the EN 197-1. This document does not apply to colour measurements on cement-based formulated products or cement-based products. The method is based on the measurement of the CIE XYZ trichromatic coordinates and describes the mathematical procedure for converting these coordinates into the CIE 1976 (L*a*b*) colour space. NOTE Although the possible values of the L* parameter range from 0 to 100, this document applies to the range between 70 and 100 (photopic vision).

 

This document describes the method for determining the contribution of cement’s alkali to the alkali-silica reaction process that can occur in concrete or mortar containing aggregates potentially susceptible to alkali attack. The principle is to consider the alkalis from the insoluble part of the cement (generally associated with fly ash, for example, or pozzolans) and the alkali from the diluted part of the cement (generally associated with clinker, gypsum, granulated blast furnace slag, or limestone) [1]. This test method can be used in the framework of preventing the risk of alkali silica reaction [2].

 

This document describes two equivalent test methods for determining the glass content in Granulated blast furnace Slag (GBS) as constituent for common cement as defined on EN 197-1. Method A - Method of determining the glass content of GBS by X-ray diffraction. Method B - Method of determining the glass content of GBS by polarized optical microscopy. The glass content (or glassy/amorphous phase) in GBS is the fraction of the material that lacks a crystalline structure, having solidified rapidly from the melt in the form of amorphous glass. It is usually expressed as a percentage (wt%) of the total slag. In the absence of a product standard or a specification in the product standard, the constituent is tested at the fineness of the intended use. Furthermore, these test methods are used in manufacturing control of cement constituents for assessing their conformity to the limit indicated in EN 197-1.