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This Standard defines how the Natural Language Interaction Protocol (NLIP) should be implemented over the base transfer protocol of HTTP or HTTPS. The exemplar use-cases for NLIP implementation over HTTP or HTTPS are out of scope of this Standard.

 

This specification defines how the Natural Language Interaction Protocol (NLIP) shall be implemented over the WebSocket protocol using CBOR (Concise Binary Object Representation, RFC 8949) for compact and efficient multimodal communication. It also describes a fallback to UTF-8 encoded JSON text frames for compatibility.

 

This Standard defines how the Natural Language Interaction Protocol (NLIP) should be implemented over the base transfer protocol of AMQP. The exemplar use-cases for NLIP implementation over AMQP are out of scope of this Standard.

 

This Standard establishes the Agent Security Profiles for NLIP as a standalone Ecma Standard. Each Security Profile defines a set of mandatory security requirements for an agent implementing NLIP. Conformance to this Standard is mandatory for any implementation claiming NLIP conformance. Details on how the security guidelines described in this Standard should be implemented are out of scope of this Standard. This Standard does not cover aspects related to internals of foundation-models, safeguards for physical data centers, or issues related to national export controls.

 

 

This document provides a method for the determination of lithium carbonate content in lithium carbonate. This document is applicable to the determination of lithium carbonate content in lithium carbonate. Measurement range: greater than 95,00 %.

 

This part of ISO 17660 is applicable to the welding of weldable reinforcing steel and stainless reinforcing steel of load-bearing joints, in workshops or on site. It specifies requirements for materials, design and execution of welded joints, welding personnel, quality requirements, mechanical testing. This document also covers welded joints between reinforcing steel bars and other steel components, such as connection devices and insertion anchors, including prefabricated assemblies. Non-load-bearing joints are covered by ISO 17660-2. This document is not applicable to factory production of welding fabric and lattice girders using multiple spot-welding machines or multiple projection welding machines. This document is applicable to static loaded structures. For fatigue-loaded structures, an appropriate reduction in fatigue strength should be taken into account.

 

This part of ISO 17660 is applicable to the welding of weldable reinforcing steel and stainless reinforcing steel of non-load-bearing welded joints, in workshops or on site. It specifies requirements for materials, design and execution of welded joints, welding personnel, quality requirements, examination and testing. Load-bearing welded joints are covered by ISO 17660-1.

 

This document specifies the method for the determination of magnetic metal impurities content in lithium carbonate. This document is applicable to the determination of nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) in magnetic metal impurities. Total metallic magnetic impurities measurement range: 5 µg/kg ~ 1 000 µg/kg.

 

This document specifies the determination of total luminous transmittance and total luminous reflectance on clear, translucent or opaque plastics. Specimen shapes include moulded plaque or discs, films and sheets. Fluorescent plastics and chromatic colour plastics are not covered by this document. NOTE The scope of ISO 13468-1 [1]shows that ISO 13468-1 [1] covers planar transparent and substantially colourless plastics. The method in this document provide the way to trap diffused light and covers to measure translucent and opaque plastics.

 

This document is aimed at those organisations wanting to create, fair, valid and reliable assessments in any context. The word high-stakes is often used, as opposed to low-stakes exams which are used in a formative context. The document takes a user through the process that they need to go through to create assessments and also identifies key roles within the assessment process. This Standard provides comprehensive guidelines on the application of information technology (IT) in delivering assessments. It outlines the scope of IT usage across various types of assessments, detailing the life cycle stages, security protocols, and privacy considerations specific to IT-enabled assessments.

 

The standard covers a broad range of assessment types, each tailored to specific contexts and objectives. These types of assessments ensure that the standard can be applied across various domains, from education to professional certification, and each has distinct characteristics and requirements. The key aspect of this is that the exams are high-stakes and have some specific use case, rather than for formative assessment, which typically has less rigorous requirements for creation and delivery. The primary types of assessment covered in the standard: a) K-12 Assessments b) Academic Assessments c) Employment Testing d) Professional Certification

 

The assessment lifecycle is a comprehensive process that encompasses the various stages involved in the creation, implementation, and evaluation of assessments. Although assessment procedures vary, the typical life cycle of assessment consists of the following steps: a) identification of need to assess b) design of outcomes/rubrics/assessment methodology c) creation, preparation and calibration of content d) preparation of assessment content (includes computer adaptive test engine/model) e) registration (may include payment) f) distribution g) authentication (includes identification) h) delivery i) response return (and/or submission) j) irregularities k) scoring, result determination and/or feedback l) data return m) analysis n) appeals and o) credentialing (certification, licensure, degree, badge, micro-credential, etc.) The design and instruments for computer adaptive testing and assessment methodology are not covered by this Standard. However, when IT is used for delivery, the relevant clauses of this Standard should be considered during the lifecycle.

 

The emphasis throughout this Standard is on the additional and distinct measures required with the integration of modern IT in assessment systems. While measures that are common to both traditional paper-based and IT-delivered assessments are mentioned only in general terms, this Standard addresses the novel challenges and opportunities introduced by digital technologies. This edition expands on the previous version by incorporating advanced technologies that were not previously covered. These include, but are not limited to, AI-assisted scoring, automatic feedback systems, adaptive testing, and remote proctoring solutions. The use of IT now supports a more comprehensive range of assessment functions: AI-Based Automated Scoring and Feedback: Modern systems employ machine learning algorithms to provide instant scoring and multi-dimensional feedback. Although the quality and validity of the assessment content remain paramount, IT is now capable of offering detailed, rubric-based evaluations that can be reviewed and validated by human markers. Adaptive Testing and Dynamic Item Banking: The introduction of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) and robust item banking systems allows assessments to adjust in real time to the test-taker’s ability, ensuring a more personalized and efficient measurement of competency. IT supports the maintenance and continuous updating of these item banks, including automatic generation and statistical calibration of test items. Remote Proctoring and Data Security: The transition to online assessments has necessitated the incorporation of remote proctoring technologies that combine AI monitoring with human oversight to mitigate fraud while safeguarding student privacy. This Standard specifies requirements for secure data transmission, storage, and compliance with international data protection regulations such as GDPR and ISO/IEC 27001. Learning Analytics and Data-Driven Decision Making: IT now plays a significant role in collecting and analyzing assessment data, enabling educators to leverage learning analytics for real-time feedback, formative assessment, and instructional adjustments. The interface between assessment content and IT delivery is enhanced to support a data-driven approach to both scoring and pedagogical decision-making. It is important to note that this Standard does not address the purely pedagogical aspects of assessment design or the intrinsic quality of assessment content. Rather, it focuses on the IT mechanisms that implement pedagogical decisions, facilitate the efficient transmission and secure handling of assessment data, and enable innovative evaluation methods. Compliance with this Standard does not imply that an assessment is pedagogically robust; rather, it ensures that the IT infrastructure supporting the assessment adheres to best practices in security, transparency, and reliability. The scope includes: IT scoring systems that are designed for subsequent human review; The IT-facilitated transmission and delivery of assessments, where responses may be scored either automatically or by human markers; The provision of automated feedback and immediate result reporting, while result-determination processes requiring human judgment remain outside this scope. By addressing these enhanced IT aspects, this Standard aims to support the evolution of assessment practices in a digital age, ensuring that technological innovations are harnessed effectively while maintaining the validity and fairness of the assessment process.

 

The aim of this Standard is to articulate overarching principles and best practices without prescribing specific technical implementations. The recommendations can be achieved through a variety of technological or procedural approaches, reflecting the expanded range of modern IT applications—including AI-assisted scoring, adaptive testing, and remote proctoring—without being tied to any specific hardware or software platform. In many instances, the principles outlined herein may be supplemented by additional regulations set by assessment providers, ensuring that while the underlying IT-enabled processes evolve, the core values of validity, fairness, and security remain paramount. 1.6 Compliance Assessment sponsors, assessment distributors and assessment centres may claim compliance with this Standard if they comply with all the clauses or subclauses applicable to their role (see table below). Notes to the clauses indicate the role(s) to which each clause or subclause is applicable. This Standard is applicable to both high-stakes and low-stakes assessments, but some clauses or subclauses are applicable only to high-stakes assessments; this is indicated in Table 1. The scenarios given in Annex A illustrate how different types of organisation might need to comply with different clauses of this Standard.

 

 

This document describes procedures for the determination of particle size distribution of kraft, soda, and hydrolysis lignin. The method is applicable to lignin isolated from a kraft pulping process, a soda pulping process, or lignin obtained by hydrolysis of biomass.

 

This document specifies a method for the determination of insoluble particles in acid in Lithium carbonate by gravimetric method.

 

This part of ISO 11268 specifies one of the methods for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining the acute toxicity of soil contaminants, waste materials and chemicals to Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei by dermal and alimentary uptake. It is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality, e.g. from contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, agricultural or other sites concerned, and waste materials. Effects of substances are assessed using a standard soil, preferably a defined artificial soil substrate. For contaminated soils, the effects on survival are determined in the test soil and in a control soil. According to the objective of the study, the control and dilution substrate (dilution series of contaminated soil) can be either an uncontaminated soil comparable to the soil sample to be tested (reference soil) or a standard soil (e.g. artificial soil). Information is provided on how to use this method for testing chemicals under temperate as well as under tropical conditions. The method is not applicable to substances for which the air/soil partition coefficient is greater than one, or to substances with vapour pressure exceeding 300 Pa at 25 °C. This method does not take into account the possible degradation of the substances or contaminants during the test. This method also includes technical information on how to use it with other environmentally relevant earthworm species, i.e. Dendrodrilus rubidus and Aporrectodea caliginosa (see Annex E and Annex F) as well as a test design to acquire data for toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) modelling (Annex G).

 

Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) is a methodology used to innovate, develop, or redesign processes, products, or services. This international standard provides a common understanding of the principles, terminology, and guidelines for applying various methods and tools within DFSS. Furthermore, it outlines how multidisciplinary teams can effectively implement DFSS. It is essential to note that DFSS is not intended to replace an organization's existing development processes; instead, it aims to enhance them significantly.

 

This document establishes an ISO/IEC Registration Authority (RA) that hosts a list of registered mdoc types and namespaces in a machine- and human-readable format. It establishes a Registration Management Group (RMG) with agreed upon high-level review functions for mdoc types and namespaces registration. The outcome of the registration process is a centralized list of existing mdoc types and namespaces and it also provides an opportunity for the Registration Management Group of experts to provide valuable feedback to applicants.

 

The ISO/IEC 19788 series specifies, in a rule-based manner, properties and their attributes for the description of learning resources. This includes the rules governing the identification of properties and the specification of their attributes. This Part of ISO/IEC 19788 specifies, using the ISO/IEC 19788-1 Framework, technical aspects of learning resources, i.e., requirements for use, location, size, etc. These elements can later be combined with other descriptive elements including those from other parts of the ISO/IEC 19788 series or other standards, including Dublin Core refinements and IEEE 1484.12.1-2002 [1] to address more specific topics such as technical or educational information.

 

This International Standard is applicable to the stability evaluation of in vitro diagnostic medical devices, including reagents, calibrators, control materials, diluents, buffers and reagent kits, hereinafter called IVD reagents. This International Standard can also be applied to specimen collection devices that contain substances used to preserve samples or to initiate reactions for further processing of the sample in the collection device. This International Standard specifies general requirements for stability evaluation and gives specific requirements for real time and accelerated stability evaluation when generating data in: — the establishment of IVD reagent shelf life, including transport conditions suitable to ensure that product specifications are maintained; — the establishment of stability of the IVD reagent in use after the first opening of the primary container; EXAMPLE On-board stability, stability after reconstitution, open vial/bottle stability. — the monitoring of stability of IVD reagents already placed on the market; — the verification of stability specifications after modifications of the IVD reagent that might affect stability. This International Standard is not applicable to instruments, apparatus, equipment, systems or specimen receptacles, or the sample subject to examination.

 

ISO 17660-1:2006 is applicable to the welding of weldable reinforcing steel and stainless reinforcing steel of load-bearing joints, in workshops or on site. It specifies requirements for materials, design and execution of welded joints, welding personnel, quality requirements, examination and testing. ISO 17660-1:2006 also covers welded joints between reinforcing steel bars and other steel components, such as connection devices and insert anchors, including prefabricated assemblies. Non load-bearing joints are covered by ISO 17660-2. ISO 17660-1:2006 is not applicable to factory production of welding fabric and lattice girders using multiple spot welding machines or multiple projection welding machines. The requirements of ISO 17660-1:2006 are only applicable to static loaded structures.