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EN 1991-1-8 gives principles and rules to determine the values of wave and current actions on structures and civil engineering works in the coastal zone/area. This document describes the principles of defining the design sea conditions, including design water level variability for structures in the coastal area. This document describes the design principles of determining actions from waves and currents of the following types in the coastal structures zone: — fixed structures: — cylindrical structures; — suspended decks; — sub sea pipelines; — breakwaters: — mound breakwaters; — vertical face breakwaters; — composite breakwaters; — wave screens; — floating breakwaters; — coastal embankments: — revetments; — seawalls; — permanent moored floating structures. For floating structures additional guidance would normally be needed for: — floating platforms related to oil and gas production or processing; — floating platforms for renewable energy production. The scope of this document is outside flood risk management structures like dykes or levees. The document does not include provisions for selection of breakwater layouts (i.e design of harbours), layout of structures to manage sediment transport, scour and beach stability.

 

EN 1994-2 gives design rules for steel-concrete composite bridges or members of bridges, supplementary to the general rules given in EN 1994-1-1.

 

EN 1994-1-1 gives basic rules for the design of steel-concrete composite structures and supplementary provisions specific to buildings. NOTE Specific rules for bridges are given in EN 1994-2.

 

(1) EN 1994-1-2 gives rules for the design of steel-concrete composite structures for the accidental design situation of fire exposure. It only identifies differences from, or supplements to, rules for normal temperature design. (2) EN 1994-1-2 only applies to structures, or parts of structures, that are within the scope of EN1994-1-1 and are designed accordingly.

 

1.1 Scope of EN 19914 (1) EN 1991-4 provides guidance for calculating actions for the structural design of silos and tanks. NOTE 1 Silos are used for the storage of particulate solids: tanks are used for the storage of liquids. NOTE 2 For limitations on rules for silos given in this document, see 1.3. NOTE 3 For limitations on rules for tanks given in this document, see 1.4. (2) EN 1991 4 includes some provisions for actions on silo and tank structures that are not only associated with the stored solids or liquids (e.g. the effects of thermal differentials) but substantially affected by them. NOTE Liquid loads on tanks are very precisely defined. Many loads on silos are not known with great precision. This standard provides guidance for many practical situations for which very limited certain knowledge is available, and the information is derived from the limited experimental and analytical information available, coupled with conclusions drawn from failure investigations. The information is not based on a sound statistical treatment of experimental data. (3) EN 1991 4 is intended for use with concrete, steel, aluminium, timber and FRP storage structures. NOTE FRP is the standard acronym for fibre reinforced polymer materials. (4) EN 1991 4 may be used for the structural assessment of existing construction, in developing the design of repairs and alterations or for assessing changes of use. NOTE Where the structural appraisal of an existing structure is being considered, reference can be made to the National Annex and to the client concerning the relevance of the current standard. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply. (2) EN 1991 4 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, with the other parts of EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1995, EN 1997, EN 1998 and EN 1999 where relevant to the design of silos and tanks. 1.3 Limitations on silos 1.3.1 Geometrical limitations (1) The following geometrical limitations apply to the design rules for silos covered by this document: - the silo here defined is either an isolated structure or can be part of a battery of silos. For a silo battery, the term silo is used throughout this standard to refer to a single cell within the battery; - the silo planform cross-section shapes are limited to those shown in Figure 1.1c. NOTE 1 Minor variations to these shapes can be accepted provided the structural consequences of the resulting changes in pressure are expected to be considered. Further information concerning planform cross-section geometries is given in 7; NOTE 2 Further information concerning planform cross-section geometries is given in Clause 7. - the relevant overall height of the silo hb (Figure 1.1a) is measured from the level of the equivalent surface of the stored solid (see 3.2.17) when the silo is filled to its maximum capacity, down to the apex of the cone of the hopper or to the flat base where there is no hopper; NOTE For the evaluation of ho to calculate hb, see (2). - the effective diameter dc of the silo should be determined as indicated in Figure 1.1c; - the following dimensional limitations on the overall height hb and aspect ratio hb/dc apply (see Figure 1.1): hb/dc < 10 (1.1) hb < 100 m (1.2) dc < 60 m (1.3) - the structural transition lies in a single horizontal plane (see Figure 1.1a); - the relevant cylindrical section height of the silo hc (Figure 1.1a) should be measured from the level of the equivalent surface of the stored solid (see 3.2.17) when the silo is filled to its maximum capacity, down to the structural transition (see Figure 1.1a) or to the flat base where there is no hopper; (2) For a symmetrically filled circular silo of diameter dc, h0 should be determined as: (1.4) and for a symmetrically filled rectangular silo of characteristic dimension dc, h0 should be determined as: (1.5) where: ...

 

(1) EN 1991-3 defines actions imposed by cranes and other machines including dynamic effects, if relevant, for the structural design of crane or machine supporting structures. (2) EN 1991-3 provides guidance on crane classification in terms of dynamic factors and fatigue actions. (3) EN 1991-3 applies to supporting structures of - bridge, gantry and wall cranes travelling on fixed runways; - fixed machines that cause a harmonic dynamic loading on fixed supporting structures. (4) The principles provided in EN 1991-3 can be applied also to determine actions on supporting structures of cranes other than those referred to in (3). (5) EN 1991-3 does not provide partial factors for actions. NOTE For partial factors for actions, see Annex A.5 to EN 1990:2023+prA1:2024. (6) EN 1991-3 does not provide actions or provisions for the design of cranes and machines.

 

1.1 Scope of prEN 1991-1-6 (1) prEN 1991-1-6 provides guidance and general rules on the determination of actions relevant for the design of buildings and civil engineering works, including geotechnical structures, for their execution stage. NOTE Actions for design during execution include those that only arise from execution activities and act during execution, termed construction actions (for example personnel and hand tools, auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution), and others that are present during the service life of the completed structure (for example self-weight, wind, etc.) but which can act differently and/or have different values during execution. (2) prEN 1991-1-6 provides guidance and general rules for the determination of actions for the design of auxiliary structures, elements and equipment used during execution in case they are designed to the Eurocodes and not to other European Standards. NOTE Other European Standards (e.g. EN 12810, EN 12811, EN 12812) provide specific rules for certain types of auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution. (3) prEN 1991-1-6 gives rules for buildings and bridges during execution to supplement the provisions in EN 1990. NOTE For combination rules for execution, see EN 1990. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The general assumptions given in EN 1990 apply. (2) The application of this document follows the limit state principle and is based on the partial factor method, unless explicitly prescribed differently. (3) The verification of buildings and civil engineering structures in transient design situations is undertaken in accordance with the Eurocodes, accounting for the interaction with any auxiliary structures, elements and/or equipment. (4) When using European product standards covering auxiliary structures, equipment and elements used during execution, it is assumed that the design basis, design requirements and, if provided, the safety and operational design limits specified in these product standards are taken into account. (5) Adequate planning, documentation, communication, control and supervision are provided during execution, involving all relevant parties. NOTE Execution of a structure can involve interaction between several parties from diverse engineering fields, responsible for the design, fabrication, transportation and execution of different subsystems used during the execution of a structure.

 

EN 1991-1-4 gives principles and rules for the determination of natural wind actions for the structural design of building and civil engineering works for each of the loaded areas under consideration. This includes the whole structure or parts of the structure or elements attached to the structure, e.g. components, cladding units and their fixings, safety and noise barriers. This part is applicable to: - buildings and civil engineering works with heights up to 300m; - bridges having no span greater than 200m. This part is intended to predict characteristic wind actions on land-based structures, their components and appendages. This part is also applicable to structures less than 1km offshore from the main coastline. For offshore structures more than 1km from the main coastline, the terrain effects defined in this part do not apply.

 

(1) This document provides provisions for the assessment of existing structures, including geotechnical structures, and the general principles for interventions, to be used in conjunction with prEN 1990-1. NOTE This document is based on the general requirements and principles of structural reliability provided in prEN 1990-1. (2) Unless otherwise specified, prEN 1990-1 applies. (3) This document covers general principles regarding actions for assessment, complementing EN 1991 (all parts). NOTE Provisions for seismic actions due to earthquake are provided in EN 1998-3. (4) This document does not cover the design of new structural parts that will be integrated into an existing structure. NOTE For the design of new structural parts, see prEN 1990-1. (5) This document does not provide: — specific rules for initiation of assessment; — specific rules on how to undertake interventions that may be carried out as a result of an assessment; — material-specific technical provisions for existing structures; — provisions for seismic assessment and retrofitting of existing structures. NOTE For provisions for seismic assessment and retrofitting of existing structures, see EN 1998-3.

 

(1) This document establishes principles and requirements for the safety, serviceability, robustness and durability of structures, including geotechnical structures, appropriate to the consequences of failure. (2) This document is also applicable for existing structures NOTE Additional provisions are given in prEN 1990-2. (3) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the other Eurocodes for buildings and civil engineering works, including temporary structures. (4) This document describes the basis for structural and geotechnical verification according to the limit state principle. (5) The verification methods in this document are based primarily on the partial factor method. NOTE 1 Alternative methods are given in the other Eurocodes for specific applications. NOTE 2 The Annexes to this document also provide general guidance concerning the use of alternative methods. (6) This document is also applicable for structures where materials or actions outside the scope of EN 1991 (all parts) to EN 1999 (all parts) are involved. NOTE In this case, additional or amended provisions can be necessary.

 

Within the context of the ISO/IEEE 11073 family of standards for device communication, a normative definition of communication is established in ISO/IEEE 11073-10421:2012 between personal telehealth peak expiratory flow monitor devices and compute engines (e.g. cell phones, personal computers, personal health appliances, and set top boxes) in a manner that enables plug-and-play interoperability. Appropriate portions of existing standards are leveraged, including ISO/IEEE 11073 terminology, information models, application profile standards, and transport standards. The use of specific term codes, formats, and behaviors is specified in telehealth environments restricting optionality in base frameworks in favor of interoperability. A common core of communication functionality is defined for personal telehealth peak expiratory flow monitor devices.

 

ISO 18363 specifies a procedure for the simultaneous determination of 2-MCPD esters (bound 2-MCPD), 3-MCPD esters (bound 3-MCPD) and glycidyl esters (bound glycidol) in a single assay, based on acid catalysed ester cleavage and derivatization of cleaved (free) analytes with phenylboronic acid (PBA) prior to GC/MS analysis. ISO 18363-3 is applicable to solid and liquid fats and oils. For all three analytes the limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0,1 mg/kg and the limit of detection (LOD) is 0,03 mg/kg.

 

This document specifies requirements and test methods of rollators being used as assistive products for walking with wheels, manipulated by both arms, without accessories, unless specified in the particular test procedure. This document also gives requirements relating to safety, ergonomics, performance and information supplied by the manufacturer including marking and labelling. The requirements and tests are based on every-day use of rollators as assistive products for walking for a maximum user mass as specified by the manufacturer. This document includes rollators specified for a user mass of no less than 35 kg. This document is not applicable to rollators with horizontal forearm supports, classified as walking tables, for which ISO 11199-3 is applicable.

 

This document describes the transaction information requirements of the transactions used in the basic collaborations described in EN 17015-1 Electronic Public Procurement – Catalogue – Choreographies. For each transaction there is an overview, the transaction business requirements and the transaction information requirements model containing definitions of terms, usage descriptions and cardinality of the information elements. The document describes the following transactions: 1) Catalogue; 2) Catalogue Response 3) Pre-award Catalogue Request 4) Pre-award Catalogue 5) Shopping Cart How to claim compliance to a transaction is described in paragraph 6. How to claim conformance to a transaction is described in paragraph 6.

 

This document specifies a method for the determination of cyclosiloxanes in chemicals used in the tanning industry

 

This document specifies the requirements for the ordering, manufacture, testing, inspection and delivery of steel and heat-resisting (cobalt, nickel and iron-based alloys) alloy plates, sheets and strips. It is presupposed to be applied when referred to and in conjunction with the EN material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.

 

This document specifies the requirements for the ordering, manufacture, testing, inspection and delivery of steel and heat-resisting alloy bars and sections. It is presupposed to be applied when referred to and in conjunction with the EN material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.

 

This document specifies the requirements for the ordering, manufacture, testing, inspection and delivery of steel and heat resisting alloy tube. It is presupposed to be applied when referred to and in conjunction with the EN material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.

 

This document specifies the requirements for the ordering, manufacture, testing, inspection and delivery of steel and heat resisting alloy wire. It is presupposed to be applied when referred to and in conjunction with the EN material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.

 

This document specifies the requirements for the ordering, manufacture, testing, inspection and delivery of steel and heat-resisting alloy forging stock. It is presupposed to be applied when referred to and in conjunction with the EN material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule.