Toimialayhteisöt

 

This International Standard establishes a system for the transliteration11Definitions, explanations for terms used (transliteration, transcription, etc.) appear in Annex A. of Thai characters into Roman characters. One set of rules is provided for a completely reversible stringent conversion where principles of transliteration are applied without exception. This Romanized transliteration system is a means of converting the Thai writing system into a Roman alphabet writing system. Since there are fewer Roman characters than Thai characters, diacritical marks, punctuation marks, and a combination of two Roman characters, or a digraph, are needed to represent one Thai character. The aim of this system is to provide a means of international communication of written messages in a form which permits the automatic transmission or reconstitution of these by humans or machines. This system of conversion is intended to provide complete and unambiguous reversibility. It is possible that the results obtained from this system will not provide for correct pronunciation of the original Thai text. However, they will serve as a means of finding the Thai graphisms automatically and thus to allow anyone with a knowledge of Thai to pronounce the Thai text correctly. An attempt to transpose a preposed vowel after an initial consonant may comfort those who are used to the Roman writing system where a vowel always follows a consonant to form a syllable, unless it is a syllable without an initial. It is best to leave the preposed vowel in the Thai transliteration system where it is, because a transliteration system is not a transcription system. Capital letters are reserved for writing the initial letter in proper nouns. It is unwise to make use of capital letters in the transliteration system for certain characters, otherwise common nouns and proper nouns cannot be distinguished from one another. This system is based on phonetic logic in the selection of transliterated representations, as much as possible, in order to lessen the burden on those who wish to learn the system.

 

This document defines terms relating to data quality. These terms are used by the ISO 8000 series of parts.

 

Tämä standardi on laadittu eurooppalaista yhdenmukaistettua tuotestandardia SFS-EN 12620 täydentäväksi kansalliseksi soveltamisstandardiksi. Tässä soveltamisstandardissa esitetään suositus, mitkä ominaisuudet on ilmoitettava ko. tuotestandardin mukaisille CE-merkityille betonikiviaineksille eri käyttökohteissa sekä näille ominaisuuksille asetetut vähimmäisvaatimustasot tai luokat.

 

This document defines terms that are used in the field of pigments, dyestuffs and extenders. For some terms, reference is made to ISO 4618 in which also terms and definitions for colourants are given, relating to their use in coating materials.

 

This document applies to the industry producing colouring materials and the consumer who uses the products of this industry. In this document, the colouring materials are classified in accordance with colouristic and chemical aspects. Some dyestuffs for use in the ceramics and food industries are listed as examples.

 

This International Standard specifies a shear test method used to determine the adhesive bond strength between direct dental restorative materials and tooth structure, e.g. dentine or enamel. The method as described is principally intended for dental adhesives. The method includes substrate selection, storage and handling of tooth structure, as well as the procedure for testing. NOTE 1 Testing adhesion to tooth structure is technique sensitive and experience with the test method is required. NOTE 2 With modification, it may be possible to use this method for adhesive restorative materials (e.g. glass-ionomer materials).

 

This document specifies the essential dimensional features of rectangular rings made of steel, types R, B, BA, and M having nominal diameters from 30 mm up to and including 160 mm, used in reciprocating internal combustion piston engines for road vehicles and other applications working under similar conditions.

 

ISO 445:2013 defines terms relating to pallets for unit load methods of materials handling. It also includes informative annexes listing terms relating to unit load handling and slipsheets.

 

The purpose of this document is to provide methods for quantifying the ride comfort of a passenger in a rail vehicle in response to the track sections it is operated over. The methods aim to quantify the effects of vehicle body motions on ride comfort and to make the assessment of passenger comfort predictable, repeatable, objective and meaningful. The methods and comfort scales are validated for people of good health. This document applies to passengers in rail vehicles operating on heavy rail networks. This document applies to measurements of motions. It also applies to simulated motions. Guidance is provided on: - which method described within the document should be used for different scenarios; - typical values for different comfort levels; - the application of simulation. This document excludes health and safety issues, non-passenger carrying vehicles, vehicle homologation and safety, limit values, motion sickness, discomfort caused by accelerating and braking, design guidelines and measurement technology.

 

This document specifies a method for the identification of the type of elastomers in granulates or powder derived from End-of-Life Tyres (ELT). The method specified is a qualitative method only.

 

This document specifies the requirements for container shells for mobile waste containers with a capacity up to 1 700 l covered by EN 840-1 to EN 840-4. Only for container shells with volume optimization – CS-VO, the subcontainer is an applicable model. This document specifies the general performance characteristics of such shells as well as the test methods, and gives recommendations for installation.

 

EN 1998-2 is intended to be applied to the design of new bridges in seismic regions. It covers the design of reinforced concrete, steel and composite steel-concrete bridges and provides guidance for the design of timber bridges. EN 1998-2 is applicable to the seismic design of bridges exploiting ductility in structural members or through the use of antiseismic devices. When ductility is exploited, this part primarily covers bridges in which the horizontal seismic actions are mainly resisted through bending of the piers or at the abutments; i.e. of bridges composed of vertical or nearly vertical pier systems supporting the traffic deck superstructure. It is also applicable to the seismic design of arched bridges, although its provisions should not be considered as fully covering these cases. Suspension bridges and masonry bridges, moveable bridges and floating bridges are not included in the scope of EN 1998-2.

 

1.1 Scope of EN 1998-5 (1) This document establishes general principles for the design and assessment of geotechnical systems in seismic regions. It gives general rules relevant to all families of geotechnical structures, to the design of foundations, retaining structures and underground structures and complements EN 1997-3 for the seismic design situation. (2) This document contains the basic performance requirements and compliance criteria applicable to geotechnical structures and geotechnical systems in seismic regions. (3) This document refers to the rules for the representation of seismic actions and the description of the seismic design situations defined in EN 1998-1-1 and provides specific definition of the seismic action applicable to geotechnical structures. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to this document.

 

1.1 Scope of EN 1998-1-1 (1) This document is applicable to the design and verification of buildings and other structures for earthquake resistance. It gives general rules relevant to all types of structures, except for structures belonging to consequence classes CC0 or CC4. NOTE For further details on consequence class CC4, see 4.2. (2) This document provides basic performance requirements and compliance criteria applicable to buildings and other structures for earthquake resistance. (3) This document gives rules for the representation of seismic actions and the description of the design seismic situations. NOTE Certain types of structures, dealt with in other parts of Eurocode 8, need supplementary rules which are given in those relevant Parts. (4) This document contains general methods for structural analysis and verification under seismic actions, including base-isolated structures and structures with distributed dissipative systems. (5) This document contains rules for modelling and verification of ultimate strengths and deformations. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to this document. (2) It is assumed that no change in the structure and in the masses carried by the structure takes place during the construction phase or during the subsequent life of the structure with respect to the design unless proper justification and verification is provided. This applies also to ancillary elements (see 3.1.2). Due to the specific nature of seismic response, this applies even in the case of changes that lead to an increase of the structural resistance. (3) The design documents are assumed to indicate the geometry, the detailing, and the properties of the materials of all structural members. If appropriate, the design documents are also assumed to include the properties of special devices to be used and the distances between structural and ancillary elements. The necessary quality control provisions are assumed to be specified. (4) Members of special structural importance requiring special checking during construction are assumed to be identified in the design documents and the verification methods to be used are assumed to be specified. (5) It is assumed that in the case of high seismic action class (4.1.1(4)), formal quality system plans, covering design, construction, and use, additional to the control procedures prescribed in the other relevant Eurocodes, are specified.

 

1.1 Scope of EN 1999-1-4 (1) EN 1999-1-4 gives design requirements for cold-formed trapezoidal aluminium sheeting. It applies to cold-formed aluminium products made from hot rolled or cold rolled sheet or strip that have been cold-formed by such processes as cold-rolled forming or press-breaking. NOTE 1 The rules in this part complement the rules in other parts of EN 1999-1. NOTE 2 The execution of aluminium structures made of cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications is covered in EN 1090-5. (2) EN 1999-1-4 gives methods for stressed-skin design using aluminium sheeting as a structural diaphragm. (3) EN 1999-1-4 does not apply to cold-formed aluminium profiles like C- and Z- profiles nor cold-formed and welded circular or rectangular hollow sections. (4) EN 1999-1-4 gives methods for design by calculation and for design assisted by testing. The methods for the design by calculation apply only within stated ranges of material properties and geometrical properties for which sufficient experience and test evidence is available. These limitations do not apply to design by testing. (5) EN 1999-1-4 does not cover load arrangement for loads during execution and maintenance. 1.2 Assumptions (1) For the design of new structures, EN 1999 is intended to be used, for direct application, together with EN 1990, EN 1991, EN 1992, EN 1993, EN 1994, EN 1995, EN 1997 and EN 1998. EN 1999 is intended to be used in conjunction with: - European Standards for construction products relevant for aluminium structures; - EN 1090-1, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components; - EN 1090-5, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 5: Technical requirements for cold-formed structural aluminium elements and cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall applications.

 

This document gives the safety requirements and measures for numerically controlled (NC/CNC) boring machines, NC/CNC routing machines and NC/CNC boring and routing machines (as defined in 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4), capable of continuous production use, hereinafter referred to as "machines". This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, listed in Annex A, relevant to the machines when they are operated, adjusted and maintained as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer including reasonably foreseeable misuse. Also, transport, assembly, dismantling, disabling and scrapping phases have been taken into account. This document is also applicable to machines fitted with one or more of the following devices/additional working units, whose hazards have been dealt with: —    additional working units for sawing, sanding, assembling or dowel inserting; —    fixed or movable workpiece support; —    mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic or vacuum workpiece clamping; —    automatic tool change devices. It is also applicable to machines fitted with edge-banding equipment, even if the relevant specific hazards have not been dealt with. NOTE      For the risk assessment needed for the edge-banding equipment, ISO 19085-17 can be useful. Machines covered in this document are designed for workpieces consisting of: —    solid wood; —    material with similar physical characteristics to wood (see ISO 19085-1:2021, 3.2); —    gypsum boards, gypsum bounded fibreboards, cardboard; —    matrix engineered mineral boards, silicate boards; —    composite materials with core consisting of polyurethane or mineral material laminated with light alloy; —    polymer-matrix composite materials and reinforced thermoplastic/thermoset/elastomeric materials; —    aluminium light alloy profiles; —    aluminium light alloy plates with a maximum thickness of 10 mm; —    composite boards made from the materials listed above. This document does not deal with specific hazards related to: —    use of grinding wheels; —    ejection through openings guarded by curtains on machines where the height of the opening in the enclosure above the workpiece support exceeds 700 mm; —    ejection due to failure of milling tools with a cutting circle diameter equal to or greater than 16 mm and sawing tools not conforming to EN 847-1:2017 and EN 847-2:2017; —    the combination of a single machine being used with other machines (as a part of a line); —    integrated workpiece loading/unloading systems (e.g. robots). This document is not applicable to: —    single spindle hand fed or integrated fed routing machines; —    machines intended for use in potentially explosive atmosphere; —    machines manufactured prior to its publication.

 

1.1 Scope of EN 1999-1-2 (1) EN 1999-1-2 deals with the design of aluminium structures for the accidental situation of fire exposure and is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1999-1-1, EN 1999-1-2, EN 1999-1-3, EN 1999-1-4 and EN 1999-1-5. This document only identifies differences from, or supplements to, normal temperature design. (2) EN 1999-1-2 applies to aluminium structures required to fulfil a load bearing function. (3) EN 1999-1-2 gives principles and application rules for the design of structures for specified requirements in respect of the aforementioned function and the levels of performance. (4) EN 1999-1-2 applies to structures, or parts of structures, that are within the scope of EN 1999 1 1 and are designed accordingly. (5) The methods given in EN 1999-1-2 are applicable to the following aluminium alloys: EN AW-3004 - H34 EN AW-5083 - O and H12 EN AW-6063 - T5 and T6 EN AW-5005 - O and H34 EN AW-5454 - O and H34 EN AW-6082 - T4 and T6 EN AW-5052 - H34 EN AW-6061 - T6 (6) The methods given in EN 1999-1-2 are applicable also to other aluminium alloy/tempers of EN 1999 1-1, if reliable material properties at elevated temperatures are available or the simplified assumptions in 5.2.1 are applied. 1.2 Assumptions (1) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990, the following assumptions apply: - the choice of the relevant design fire scenario is made by appropriate qualified and experienced personnel, or is given by the relevant national regulation. - any active and passive fire protection systems taken into account in the design will be adequately maintained. (2) EN 1999 is intended to be used in conjunction with: - European Standards for construction products relevant for aluminium structures - EN 1090-1, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 1: Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components - EN 1090-3, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures - Part 3: Technical requirements for aluminium structures

 

EN 1999-1-1 gives basic design rules for structures made of wrought aluminium alloys and limited guidance for cast alloys (see Clause 5 and Annex C). This document does not cover the following, unless otherwise explicitly stated in this document: - members with material thickness less than 0,6 mm; - welded members with material thickness less than 1,5 mm; - connections with: - steel bolts and pins with diameter less than 5 mm; - aluminium bolts and pins with diameter less than 8 mm; - rivets and thread forming screws with diameter less than 3,9 mm.

 

(1) EN 1993-1-1 gives basic design rules for steel structures using all steel grades from S235 up to and including S700 unless otherwise stated in individual clauses. (2) It also gives supplementary provisions for the structural design of steel buildings. These supplementary provisions are indicated by the letter “B” after the paragraph number, thus ( )B.

 

1.1 Scope of EN 1993-1-5 (1) This document provides rules for structural design of stiffened and unstiffened nominally flat plates which are subject to in-plane forces. (2) Non-uniform stress distributions due to shear lag, in-plane load introduction and plate buckling are covered. The effects of out-of-plane loading are outside the scope of this document. NOTE 1 The rules in this part complement the rules for class 1, 2, 3 and 4 sections, see EN 1993-1-1. NOTE 2 For the design of slender plates which are subject to repeated direct stress and/or shear and also fatigue due to out-of-plane bending of plate elements ("breathing"), see EN 1993-2 and EN 1993-6. NOTE 3 For the effects of out-of-plane loading and for the combination of in-plane effects and out-of-plane loading effects, see EN 1993-2 and EN 1993-1-7. (3) Single plate elements are considered as nominally flat where the curvature radius r in the direction perpendicular to the compression satisfies, as illustrated in Figure 1.1: r=b^2/t (1.1) where b is the panel width; t is the plate thickness. Figure 1.1 - Definition of plate curvature 1.2 Assumptions (1) Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, the EN 1991 series and EN 1993-1-1 apply. (2) The design methods given in EN 1993-1-5 are applicable if - the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2 and - the construction materials and products used are as specified in the relevant parts of the EN 1993 series or in the relevant material product specifications.