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Standardi ISO 12480-1:1997 ehdotetaan vahvistettavaksi kansalliseksi standardiksi SFS-ISO 12480-1

Standardi ISO 12480-3:2016 ehdotetaan vahvistettavaksi kansalliseksi standardiksi SFS-ISO 12480-3

Standardi ISO 12480-4:2007 ehdotetaan vahvistettavaksi kansalliseksi standardiksi SFS-ISO 12480-4

This document specifies three methods for the digestion of soil, treated biowaste, sludge and waste by the use of an acid mixture composed of hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO3) and tetrafluoroboric (HBF4) or hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO3) and hydrofluoric (HF) acid as the digestion solution.Digestion with these acids is effectively considered as a total decomposition of the sample. For a broad range of samples the extracted analyte concentrations will reflect the total content in the sample.This document is applicable for the following elements:Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), selenium (Se), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tellurium (Te), thallium (Tl), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn).This document can also be applied for the digestion of other elements, provided the user has verified the applicability.

ISO 19361:2017 applies to liquid scintillation counters and requires the preparation of a scintillation source obtained by mixing the test sample and a scintillation cocktail. The test sample can be liquid (aqueous or organic), or solid (particles or filter or planchet).ISO 19361:2017describes the conditions for measuring the activity of beta emitter radionuclides by liquid scintillation counting[14][15].The choice of the test method using liquid scintillation counting involves the consideration of the potential presence of other beta emitter radionuclides in the test sample. In this case, a specific sample treatment by separation or extraction is implemented to isolate the radionuclide of interest in order to avoid any interference with other beta-, alpha- and gamma-emitting radionuclides during the counting phase.ISO 19361:2017 is applicable to all types of liquid samples having an activity concentration ranging from a few Bq·l-1 to 106 Bq·l-1. For a liquid test sample, it is possible to dilute liquid test samples in order to obtain a solution having an activity compatible with the measuring instrument. For solid samples, the activity of the prepared scintillation source shall be compatible with the measuring instrument.The measurement range is related to the test method used: nature of test portion, preparation of the scintillator - test portion mixture, measuring assembly as well as to the presence of the co-existing activities due to interfering radionuclides.Test portion preparations (such as distillation for 3H measurement, or benzene synthesis for 14C measurement, etc.) are outside the scope of this document and are described in specific test methods using liquid scintillation[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].

ISO 19226:2017 provides a procedure for the evaluation of irradiation data in the region between the reactor core and the inside surface of the containment vessel, through the pressure vessel and the reactor cavity, between the ends of active fuel assemblies, given the neutron source in the core.NOTE These irradiation data could be neutron fluence or displacements per atom (dpa), and Helium production.The evaluation employs both neutron flux computations and measurement data from in-vessel and cavity dosimetry, as appropriate. This document applies to pressurized water reactors (PWRs), boiling water reactors (BWRs), and pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs).ISO 19226:2017 also provides a procedure for evaluating neutron damage properties at the reactor pressure vessel and internal components of PWRs, BWRs, and PHWRs. Damage properties are focused on atomic displacement damage caused by direct displacements of atoms due to collisions with neutrons and indirect damage caused by gas production, both of which are strongly dependent on the neutron energy spectrum. Therefore, for a given neutron fluence and neutron energy spectrum, calculations of the total accumulated number of atomic displacements are important data to be used for reactor life management.

ISO 19581 specifies a screening test method to quantify rapidly the activity concentration of gamma-emitting radionuclides, such as 131I, 132Te, 134Cs and 137Cs, in solid or liquid test samples using gamma-ray spectrometry with lower resolution scintillation detectors as compared with the HPGe detectors (see IEC 61563).This test method can be used for the measurement of any potentially contaminated environmental matrices (including soil), food and feed samples as well as industrial materials or products that have been properly conditioned. Sample preparation techniques used in the screening method are not specified in ISO 19581, since special sample preparation techniques other than simple machining (cutting, grinding, etc.) should not be required. Although the sampling procedure is of utmost importance in the case of the measurement of radioactivity in samples, it is out of scope of ISO 19581; other international standards for sampling procedures that can be used in combination with ISO 19581 are available (see References [1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6]).The test method applies to the measurement of gamma-emitting radionuclides such as 131I, 134Cs and 137Cs. Using sample sizes of 0,5 l to 1,0 l in a Marinelli beaker and a counting time of 5 min to 20 min, decision threshold of 10 Bq·kg-1 can be achievable using a commercially available scintillation spectrometer [e.g. thallium activated sodium iodine (NaI(Tl)) spectrometer 2" ? × 2" detector size, 7 % resolution (FWHM) at 662 keV, 30 mm lead shield thickness].This test method also can be performed in a "makeshift" laboratory or even outside a testing laboratory on samples directly measured in the field where they were collected.During a nuclear or radiological emergency, this test method enables a rapid measurement of the sample activity concentration of potentially contaminated samples to check against operational intervention levels (OILs) set up by decision makers that would trigger a predetermined emergency response to reduce existing radiation risks[12].Due to the uncertainty associated with the results obtained with this test method, test samples requiring more accurate test results can be measured using high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors gamma-ray spectrometry in a testing laboratory, following appropriate preparation of the test samples[7][8].ISO 19581 does not contain criteria to establish the activity concentration of OILs.

ISO 18557 presents guidelines for sampling strategies and characterization processes to assess the contamination of soils, buildings and infrastructures, prior to remediation and/or to check that the remediation objectives have been met (final release surveys). The principles presented need to be appropriately graded as regards the specific situations concerned (size, level of contamination?). It can be used in conjunction with each country's key documentation.ISO 18557 deals with characterization in relation to site remediation. It applies to sites contaminated after normal operation of older nuclear facilities. It could also apply to site remediation after a major accident, and in this case the input data will be linked to the accident involved.ISO 18557 complements existing standards, notably concerning sampling, sample preservation and their transport, treatment and laboratory measurements, but also those related to in situ chemical and radiological measurements. References in the Bibliography contain links to appropriate documentation and techniques as required by individual member countries.ISO 18557 does not apply to the following issues: execution of clean-up works, sampling and characterization of waste (conditioned or unconditioned) or to waste packages.It does not apply to groundwater characterization (saturated zone).Given the case-by-case nature of site remediation and decommissioning, the principles and guidance communicated in ISO 18557 are intended as general guidance only, not prescriptive requirements.

This document specifies the general safety requirements for hot rolling mills for flat products as defined in 3.1.This document is applicable to: Plant (machinery, equipment, devices according Annex D) used for the manufacturing of metal hot rolled flat products from the material supply from entry (1), via the mill stands (2) with roll changing devices (6), to the exit (5) (see Figure 1).Figure 1....This standard does not cover:- thermo process equipment, e.g. in accordance with the EN 746 series;- continuous casting machines according to EN 14753;- hook conveyors according to EN 619;- non-fixed load lifting attachments, e.g. according to EN 13155;- roll shop equipment;- storage equipment (e.g. high-bay warehouses);- cranes, fork lifts, trucks and railway trucks and other vehicles;- process technology (e.g. treatment of water, rolling lubricant, compressed air, etc.);- separate cleaning system for exhaust air;- firefighting system.NOTE 1 Special requirements for protection of persons in case of using asphyxiant gases used in firefighting system is covered by this document (see Annex C).This document deals with significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to hot rolling mills for flat products, when it is used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It provides the requirements to be met by the manufacturer to ensure the safety of persons and property during transport, commissioning, operation and de-commissioning, as well as in the event of foreseeable failures or malfunctions that can occur in the equipment.NOTE 2 For modernization, this document (C-type standard) can be applied for the part to be modernized.

This document specifies the general safety requirements for cold rolling mills for flat products as defined in 3.1.This document is applicable to: Plant (machinery, equipment, devices according Annex D) used for the manufacturing of metal cold rolled flat products from the material supply from entry (1), via the mill stand(s) (2) with roll changing devices (4), to the material removal (3) (see Figure 1).Figure 1... This standard does not cover:- Thermo process equipment, e.g. in accordance with EN 746 series;- Strip processing lines according to EN 15061, e.g. pickling line;- Abrasive blasting plants according to EN 1248;- Coil transporting system before coil take-over-point at the entry section and after coil take-over-point at the exit section, e.g. hook conveyors, overhead cranes, fork lift and railway trucks and other vehicles;- Roll shop equipment;- Hook conveyors according to EN 619;- Non-fixed load lifting attachments, e.g. according to EN 13155;- Storage equipment (e.g. high-bay warehouses);- Cranes, fork lifts, trucks and railway trucks and other vehicles;- Process technology (e.g. systems for rolling lubricant, compressed air, treatment of water, cleaning system for exhaust air);- Firefighting system.NOTE 1 Special requirements for protection of persons in case of using asphyxiant gases used in firefighting system is covered by this document, see Annex C.This document deals with foreseeable significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to cold rolling mills for flat products, when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It provides the requirements to be met by the manufacturer to ensure the safety of persons and property during transport, commissioning, operation and de-commissioning, as well as in the event of foreseeable failures or malfunctions that can occur in the equipment.NOTE 2 For modernization, this document (C-type standard) can be applied for the part to be modernized.

This document specifies methods for routine verification of the performance of acoustic emission (AE) equipment comprising one or more sensing channels. It is intended for use by operators of the equipment under laboratory conditions. Verification of the measurement characteristics is advised after purchase of equipment, in order to obtain reference data for later verifications. Verification is also advised after repair, modifications, use under extraordinary conditions, or if one suspects a malfunction. The procedures described in this document do not exclude other qualified methods, e.g. verification in the frequency domain. These procedures apply in general unless the manufacturer specifies alternative equivalent procedures. Safety aspects of equipment for use in potentially explosive zones are not considered in this document.

ISO 14096-1:2005 specifies procedures for the evaluation of basic performance parameters of the radiographic film digitisation process such as spatial resolution and spatial linearity, density range, density contrast sensitivity and characteristic transfer curve. They can be integrated into the system software and together with a standard reference film used for quality control of the digitisation process. This reference film provides a series of test targets for performance evaluation. The test targets are suitable for evaluating a digitisation system with a spatial resolution down to 25 micrometres, a density contrast sensitivity down to 0,02 optical density, a density range of 0,5 to 4,5 and a film size capacity of (350 x 430) mm2. This standard does not address signal processing and display of the digitised data.

ISO 14096-2:2005 specifies three film-digitisation quality classes for the requirements of non-destructive testing. The selected class depends on the radiation energy, penetrated material thickness and the quality level of the original radiographic film. ISO 14096-2:2005 does not address signal processing, display and storage of the digitised data.

ISO 16526-1:2011 specifies a method for the direct and absolute measurement of the average high voltage of constant potential (DC) X-ray systems on the secondary side of the high voltage generator. The intention is to check the correspondence with the indicated high voltage value on the control unit of the X-ray system.This method is applied to assure a reproducible operation of X-ray systems because the voltage influences particularly the penetration of materials and the contrast of X-ray images and also the requirements concerning the radiation protection.